Boerhavia spicata |
Boerhavia pterocarpa |
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creeping spiderling |
Apache Pass spiderling, wing-fruit spiderling |
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Habit | Herbs, annual; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody. | Herbs, annual; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody. |
Stems | erect or ascending, sparingly branched throughout, 30–70 dm, densely glandular-villous, or glandular-puberulent, with spreading, nonglandular hairs basally, glabrous distally. |
procumbent or decumbent to ascending, sparingly branched throughout, 1–4 dm, minutely puberulent with bent hairs throughout. |
Leaves | mostly in basal 1/2; larger leaves with petiole 10–30 mm, blade oval, oblong, ovate, or ± triangular, 18–45 × 13–30 mm (distal leaves usually smaller, sometimes longer, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, neither surface punctate or both minutely punctate with clusters of brown cells, base truncate, round, or obtuse, margins sinuate, sometimes crisped, apex round to obtuse, rarely acute. |
± throughout; larger leaves with petiole 3–12 mm, blade rhombic-ovate to ovate or lanceolate, 15–25 × 9–15 mm (distal leaves smaller, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely puberulent, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, glabrous, neither surface punctate, base round to obtuse, margins entire or slightly sinuate, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, branched 1–4 times unequally, with sticky internodal bands; branches strongly ascending, terminating in spicate or racemose flower clusters, axis 10–55 mm. |
terminal or axillary, without sticky internodal bands; peduncle, 1–3 cm, bearing small capitate clusters of flowers. |
Flowers | pedicel 0.4–2.3[–3.7] mm; bracts at base of perianth usually soon deciduous, usually 2, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 0.7–1.8 mm, apex often acuminate; perianth white to pale pink, campanulate distal to constriction, 1–1.3 mm; stamens (2–)3, slightly exserted or included. |
pedicel 0.3–0.6 mm; bracts at base of perianth quickly deciduous, lance-acuminate, 0.4–0.7 mm; perianth white to pale pinkish, campanulate distal to constriction, 1–1.5 mm; stamens 2, included or barely exserted. |
Fruits | 5–33 per cluster, usually overlapping or 2–4 in group separated by small gap from next group, straw colored to grayish or reddish tan, broadly obovoid, 1.9–2.4(–2.8) × 1.1–1.3 mm (l/w: 1.7–2.1[–2.3]), apex rounded, glabrous; ribs 5, obtuse-rounded to obtuse, often with low winglike ridge, slightly rugose near sulci; sulci (0.2–)0.5 times as wide as base of ribs, slightly rugose, not papillate. |
2–8 per cluster, pale green to straw colored, broadly obpyramidal, base tapered to stipelike above pedicel, 2.9–3.4 × 2.8–3.2 mm (l/w: 1–1.4), apex truncate, glabrous; ribs 3–4, winglike, smooth; sulci 3–4 times as wide as base of ribs, coarsely transversely rugose, not papillate. |
2n | = ca. 52. |
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Boerhavia spicata |
Boerhavia pterocarpa |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–early fall. | Flowering late summer. |
Habitat | Sandy or rocky soils in open, arid grasslands, among open shrubs or mesquite and acacia woodlands [tropical deciduous forests] | Sandy loam to clay soils, disturbed areas, occasionally a weed in ornamental beds |
Elevation | [100-]700-1800 m ([300-]2300-5900 ft) | 700-1200 m (2300-3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico
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AZ; Mexico (Sonora)
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Discussion | C. F. Reed (1969) and subsequent authors have included one or more of Boerhavia coulteri, B. torreyana, and B. watsoni as synonymous with B. spicata. Even when those taxa are removed, B. spicata remains a variable species, widespread at low to middle elevations in southwestern North America, and distinguished by its mostly overlapping, obovoid fruits with rather open sulci, and the glandular pubescence on basal parts of the plant. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 25. | FNA vol. 4, p. 24. |
Parent taxa | Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia | Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Choisy: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 456. (1849) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 376. (1882) |
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