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creeping spiderling

wineflower

Habit Herbs, annual; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody. Herbs, perennial, often somewhat woody at base; taproot long and ropelike, woody.
Stems

erect or ascending, sparingly branched throughout, 30–70 dm, densely glandular-villous, or glandular-puberulent, with spreading, nonglandular hairs basally, glabrous distally.

decumbent to ascending, sparingly branched throughout, 2–8 dm, densely glandular-pubescent or pubescent with minute curled hairs, sometimes also with sparse long-spreading hairs basally, usually glabrous sometimes glandular-puberulent distally.

Leaves

mostly in basal 1/2;

larger leaves with petiole 10–30 mm, blade oval, oblong, ovate, or ± triangular, 18–45 × 13–30 mm (distal leaves usually smaller, sometimes longer, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, neither surface punctate or both minutely punctate with clusters of brown cells, base truncate, round, or obtuse, margins sinuate, sometimes crisped, apex round to obtuse, rarely acute.

mostly in basal 1/2 of plant;

larger leaves with petiole 4–22 mm, blade triangular-ovate to ovate or suborbiculate, 20–40 × 15–32 mm (distal leaves smaller, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface glabrate to densely spreading-puberulent, rarely lightly punctate, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, glabrate to moderately glandular-puberulent, usually punctate with small patches of large gray cells, base round, truncate, or cordate, usually oblique, margins entire or sinuate, apex obtuse to round.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, branched 1–4 times unequally, with sticky internodal bands;

branches strongly ascending, terminating in spicate or racemose flower clusters, axis 10–55 mm.

axillary or terminal, forked ca. 3–5 times unequally, open, without sticky internodal bands;

branches strongly ascending, terminating in loose, cymose, 1–3-flowered clusters.

Flowers

pedicel 0.4–2.3[–3.7] mm;

bracts at base of perianth usually soon deciduous, usually 2, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 0.7–1.8 mm, apex often acuminate;

perianth white to pale pink, campanulate distal to constriction, 1–1.3 mm;

stamens (2–)3, slightly exserted or included.

pedicel 0.5–5 mm;

bracts at base of perianth persistent, 2–3, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 1–2 mm, apex often acuminate;

perianth purplish pink to pink (white), widely funnelform beyond constriction, 5–10 mm;

stamens (4–)5–8, well exserted.

Fruits

5–33 per cluster, usually overlapping or 2–4 in group separated by small gap from next group, straw colored to grayish or reddish tan, broadly obovoid, 1.9–2.4(–2.8) × 1.1–1.3 mm (l/w: 1.7–2.1[–2.3]), apex rounded, glabrous;

ribs 5, obtuse-rounded to obtuse, often with low winglike ridge, slightly rugose near sulci;

sulci (0.2–)0.5 times as wide as base of ribs, slightly rugose, not papillate.

borne singly (or 2–3 in open clusters), gray-brown, oblong-obovoid, 2.7–3.6 × 1.3–1.6 mm (l/w: [1.7–]2.1–2.6), apex rounded to broad-conic, glabrous;

ribs 5, round or bluntly angled, not overhanging sulci, smooth;

sulci 1–2 times as wide as base of ribs, not rugose (rarely deeply transversely rugose), minutely papillate.

2n

= ca. 52.

Boerhavia spicata

Boerhavia anisophylla

Phenology Flowering late summer–early fall. Flowering mid summer–early fall.
Habitat Sandy or rocky soils in open, arid grasslands, among open shrubs or mesquite and acacia woodlands [tropical deciduous forests] Limestone banks and calcareous gravel in arid shrublands
Elevation [100-]700-1800 m ([300-]2300-5900 ft) 1000-1300[-2300] m (3300-4300[-7500] ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Zacatecas)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

C. F. Reed (1969) and subsequent authors have included one or more of Boerhavia coulteri, B. torreyana, and B. watsoni as synonymous with B. spicata. Even when those taxa are removed, B. spicata remains a variable species, widespread at low to middle elevations in southwestern North America, and distinguished by its mostly overlapping, obovoid fruits with rather open sulci, and the glandular pubescence on basal parts of the plant.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 25. FNA vol. 4, p. 21.
Parent taxa Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia
Sibling taxa
B. anisophylla, B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. erecta, B. gracillima, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. torreyana, B. triquetra, B. wrightii
B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. erecta, B. gracillima, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. spicata, B. torreyana, B. triquetra, B. wrightii
Name authority Choisy: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 456. (1849) Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 171. (1859)
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