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erect boerhavia, erect spiderling

creeping spiderling

Habit Herbs, annual [slightly woody at base]; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody. Herbs, annual; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody.
Stems

usually erect, sometimes decumbent, profusely branched primarily distally, 2–12 dm, minutely puberulent with bent hairs basally, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely puberulent distally.

erect or ascending, sparingly branched throughout, 30–70 dm, densely glandular-villous, or glandular-puberulent, with spreading, nonglandular hairs basally, glabrous distally.

Leaves

mostly in basal 1/2 of plant;

larger leaves with petiole 6–40(–55) mm, blade broadly rhombic-ovate, triangular-ovate, ovate, oval, or lanceolate, 20–50(–80) × 10–45 mm (distal leaves smaller, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface usually glabrous, sometimes minutely puberulent, usually minutely punctate, abaxial surface slightly paler than adaxial, usually glabrous, sometimes minutely puberulent, usually punctate with small patches of small brown cells, base obtuse to round, margins entire or sinuate, apex usually acute, less often obtuse or rounded.

mostly in basal 1/2;

larger leaves with petiole 10–30 mm, blade oval, oblong, ovate, or ± triangular, 18–45 × 13–30 mm (distal leaves usually smaller, sometimes longer, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, neither surface punctate or both minutely punctate with clusters of brown cells, base truncate, round, or obtuse, margins sinuate, sometimes crisped, apex round to obtuse, rarely acute.

Inflorescences

terminal, forked ca. 4–6 times ± evenly, diffuse, usually with sticky internodal bands;

branches strongly ascending, terminating in irregular umbellate or subracemose clusters of flowers, not all pedicels attaching at same point (flowers occasionally borne singly).

terminal and axillary, branched 1–4 times unequally, with sticky internodal bands;

branches strongly ascending, terminating in spicate or racemose flower clusters, axis 10–55 mm.

Flowers

pedicel (0–)0.3–2.5(–5) mm;

bracts at base of perianth deciduous, usually 2, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 0.5–1 mm, apex often acuminate;

perianth whitish, usually tinged with pink or purple [bright pink] between lobes and in tube, campanulate beyond constriction, 1–1.5 mm;

stamens 2–4, slightly exserted.

pedicel 0.4–2.3[–3.7] mm;

bracts at base of perianth usually soon deciduous, usually 2, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 0.7–1.8 mm, apex often acuminate;

perianth white to pale pink, campanulate distal to constriction, 1–1.3 mm;

stamens (2–)3, slightly exserted or included.

Fruits

1–11 per cluster, pale greenish to straw colored or tan, narrowly obconic, (2.7–)3–3.5[–4] × 1.2–1.5 mm (l/w: (2–)2.3–3.2), apex truncate or broadly low conic, glabrous;

ribs 5, acute, slightly rugose adjacent to sulci;

sulci 0.5–1 times as wide as base of ribs, slightly to prominently coarsely transverse rugose, not papillate.

5–33 per cluster, usually overlapping or 2–4 in group separated by small gap from next group, straw colored to grayish or reddish tan, broadly obovoid, 1.9–2.4(–2.8) × 1.1–1.3 mm (l/w: 1.7–2.1[–2.3]), apex rounded, glabrous;

ribs 5, obtuse-rounded to obtuse, often with low winglike ridge, slightly rugose near sulci;

sulci (0.2–)0.5 times as wide as base of ribs, slightly rugose, not papillate.

2n

= ca. 52.

Boerhavia erecta

Boerhavia spicata

Phenology Flowering early summer-mid fall. Flowering late summer–early fall.
Habitat Disturbed areas, gardens, road and railroad rights-of-way, stream beds Sandy or rocky soils in open, arid grasslands, among open shrubs or mesquite and acacia woodlands [tropical deciduous forests]
Elevation 0-1700 m [probably much higher in tropics] (0-5600 ft [probably much higher in tropics]) [100-]700-1800 m ([300-]2300-5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NM; OK; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Widely introduced throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Boerhavia erecta occasionally forms mixed populations with B. intermedia without apparent intergradation. Rarely, some specimens seem to combine features of either species, particularly with regard to inflorescence structure. This is especially so in Sonora, Mexico, and in parts of the Sonoran Desert in Arizona. The two species bloom simultaneously and are visited by small insects. Given the presumed close relationship and weedy habitats of each, hybridization seems possible. Usually, the two species can be distinguished by the differences in fruit length, the appearance of a crownlike apex of the nearly mature fruits of B. erecta (apex of ridges slightly expanded, apex of fruit slightly conic), and the more precisely constructed terminal umbels of B. intermedia. Both species, particularly B. intermedia, may produce entire inflorescences with branches terminating in single flowers. R. E. Woodson Jr. and H. J. Kidd (1961) suggested that B. erecta hybridizes with the perennial B. diffusa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

C. F. Reed (1969) and subsequent authors have included one or more of Boerhavia coulteri, B. torreyana, and B. watsoni as synonymous with B. spicata. Even when those taxa are removed, B. spicata remains a variable species, widespread at low to middle elevations in southwestern North America, and distinguished by its mostly overlapping, obovoid fruits with rather open sulci, and the glandular pubescence on basal parts of the plant.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 22. FNA vol. 4, p. 25.
Parent taxa Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia
Sibling taxa
B. anisophylla, B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. gracillima, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. spicata, B. torreyana, B. triquetra, B. wrightii
B. anisophylla, B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. erecta, B. gracillima, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. torreyana, B. triquetra, B. wrightii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 3. (1753) Choisy: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 456. (1849)
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