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dangling suncress, reflexed rock-cress, secund rock-cress

beautiful rockcress, bigfoot hybrid rockcress

Habit Biennials or perennials; short-lived; sexual; caudex present or absent. Perennials; long-lived; apomictic; caudex woody.
Stems

usually 1 per caudex branch, arising from center of rosette near ground surface, 1.5–7(–10.5) dm, densely pubescent proximally, trichomes short-stalked, 2–8-rayed, 0.1–0.2 mm, sparsely pubescent distally.

usually 1 from per caudex branch, arising from center of leaf tuft, elevated above ground surface on woody base, (3–)5–7.5 dm, pubescent proximally, trichomes short-stalked, 2–5-rayed, 0.25–0.9 mm., similarly pubescent distally.

Basal leaves

blade oblanceolate, 2–7 mm wide, margins entire or shallowly dentate, sometimes ciliate at petiole base, surfaces densely pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, 5–10-rayed, 0.05–0.2 mm.

blade linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, 3–7 mm wide, margins entire or somewhat dentate, ciliate near petiole base, trichomes (simple), to 1.5 mm, surfaces densely pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, 4–8-rayed, 0.15–0.5 mm.

Cauline leaves

15–40, concealing stem proximally;

blade auricles 0.5–2.5 mm or, rarely, absent, surfaces of distalmost leaves pubescent.

8–18, usually not concealing stem;

blade auricles 1–2 mm, surfaces of distalmost leaves sparsely pubescent.

Racemes

15–80(–140)-flowered, usually unbranched.

20–38-flowered, usually unbranched.

Flowers

pendent at anthesis;

sepals pubescent;

petals white to lavender, 4–8 × 0.8–2.2 mm, glabrous;

pollen ellipsoid.

divaricate to pendent at anthesis;

sepals pubescent;

petals purple, 9–12 × 2–3.5 mm, sparsely pubescent (often some trichomes abaxially);

pollen spheroid.

Fruiting pedicels

reflexed, abruptly recurved at base, otherwise usually straight, 7–12(–18) mm, pubescent, trichomes appressed, branched.

descending-divaricate, usually recurved, 9–20 mm, usually pubescent, rarely glabrous, trichomes subappressed, branched.

Fruits

strongly reflexed, usually appressed to rachis, sometimes somewhat secund, straight, edges parallel, 3.5–9 cm × 0.9–1.8 mm;

valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent throughout;

ovules 60–116 per ovary;

style 0.5–2 mm.

reflexed, not appressed to rachis, not secund, straight, edges parallel, 5–7 cm × 2–2.5 mm;

valves glabrous proximally, sparsely pubescent distally;

ovules 98–126 per ovary;

style 0.1–0.5 mm.

Seeds

uniseriate, 1–1.4 × 0.9–1.2 mm;

wing continuous, to 0.1 mm wide.

sub-biseriate, 2–2.5 × 1.3–1.6 mm;

wing continuous, 0.2–0.25 mm wide.

2n

= 14.

Boechera retrofracta

Boechera xylopoda

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug. Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Rock outcrops, open hillsides, gravel bars and sandy banks in grassland, sagebrush, oak woodlands, and open conifer forests Rock outcrops and gravelly slopes, often under shelter of shrubs in desert scrub, sagebrush, and chaparral communities
Elevation 300-3300 m (1000-10800 ft) 900-2000 m (3000-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; MI; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Though often treated as a variety of Arabis (Boechera) holboellii (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1993; G. A. Mulligan 1996; N. H. Holmgren 2005b), B. retrofracta is easily distinguished from that species by having narrower (0.9–1.8 versus 2–2.5 mm), mostly non-secund fruits that are almost always appressed to rachises. The two taxa have allopatric distributions, with B. retrofracta found on the North American continent (mostly west of the Great Plains) and B. holboellii apparently confined to Greenland. Boechera retrofracta has formed hybrids with at least 12 other species. Besides differing in macromorphological characters, all those hybrids are distinct from B. retrofracta in the strict sense in having wider (20–30 versus 13–16 µm), spheroid pollen grains with asymmetric colpi.

Arabis kochii Blankinship is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with Boechera retrofracta.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Although usually treated as a variety of Arabis (Boechera) pulchra, B. xylopoda is an apomictic taxon that is morphologically intermediate between B. perennans and B. pulchra (see M. D. Windham and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2007b for detailed comparison) and probably arose through hybridization between those two sexual diploids.

Arabis trichopoda Greene (1908), not Turczaninow (1840) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with Boechera xylopoda.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 402. FNA vol. 7, p. 411.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Boechereae > Boechera Brassicaceae > tribe Boechereae > Boechera
Sibling taxa
B. acutina, B. arcuata, B. atrorubens, B. bodiensis, B. breweri, B. burkii, B. calderi, B. californica, B. canadensis, B. cascadensis, B. cobrensis, B. collinsii, B. consanguinea, B. constancei, B. covillei, B. crandallii, B. cusickii, B. davidsonii, B. dentata, B. depauperata, B. dispar, B. divaricarpa, B. drepanoloba, B. duchesnensis, B. elkoensis, B. evadens, B. falcatoria, B. falcifructa, B. fecunda, B. fendleri, B. fernaldiana, B. formosa, B. fructicosa, B. glareosa, B. glaucovalvula, B. goodrichii, B. gracilenta, B. gracilipes, B. grahamii, B. gunnisoniana, B. harrisonii, B. hastatula, B. hoffmannii, B. holboellii, B. horizontalis, B. howellii, B. inyoensis, B. johnstonii, B. koehleri, B. laevigata, B. languida, B. lasiocarpa, B. lemmonii, B. lignifera, B. lincolnensis, B. lyallii, B. macounii, B. microphylla, B. missouriensis, B. nevadensis, B. ophira, B. oxylobula, B. paddoensis, B. pallidifolia, B. parishii, B. pauciflora, B. paupercula, B. peirsonii, B. pendulina, B. pendulocarpa, B. perennans, B. perstellata, B. pinetorum, B. pinzliae, B. platysperma, B. polyantha, B. porphyrea, B. pratincola, B. puberula, B. pulchra, B. pusilla, B. pygmaea, B. quebecensis, B. rectissima, B. repanda, B. rigidissima, B. rollei, B. rollinsiorum, B. rubicundula, B. saximontana, B. schistacea, B. serotina, B. serpenticola, B. shevockii, B. shockleyi, B. sparsiflora, B. spatifolia, B. stricta, B. subpinnatifida, B. suffrutescens, B. texana, B. tiehmii, B. tularensis, B. ultra-alsa, B. villosa, B. williamsii, B. xylopoda, B. yorkii
B. acutina, B. arcuata, B. atrorubens, B. bodiensis, B. breweri, B. burkii, B. calderi, B. californica, B. canadensis, B. cascadensis, B. cobrensis, B. collinsii, B. consanguinea, B. constancei, B. covillei, B. crandallii, B. cusickii, B. davidsonii, B. dentata, B. depauperata, B. dispar, B. divaricarpa, B. drepanoloba, B. duchesnensis, B. elkoensis, B. evadens, B. falcatoria, B. falcifructa, B. fecunda, B. fendleri, B. fernaldiana, B. formosa, B. fructicosa, B. glareosa, B. glaucovalvula, B. goodrichii, B. gracilenta, B. gracilipes, B. grahamii, B. gunnisoniana, B. harrisonii, B. hastatula, B. hoffmannii, B. holboellii, B. horizontalis, B. howellii, B. inyoensis, B. johnstonii, B. koehleri, B. laevigata, B. languida, B. lasiocarpa, B. lemmonii, B. lignifera, B. lincolnensis, B. lyallii, B. macounii, B. microphylla, B. missouriensis, B. nevadensis, B. ophira, B. oxylobula, B. paddoensis, B. pallidifolia, B. parishii, B. pauciflora, B. paupercula, B. peirsonii, B. pendulina, B. pendulocarpa, B. perennans, B. perstellata, B. pinetorum, B. pinzliae, B. platysperma, B. polyantha, B. porphyrea, B. pratincola, B. puberula, B. pulchra, B. pusilla, B. pygmaea, B. quebecensis, B. rectissima, B. repanda, B. retrofracta, B. rigidissima, B. rollei, B. rollinsiorum, B. rubicundula, B. saximontana, B. schistacea, B. serotina, B. serpenticola, B. shevockii, B. shockleyi, B. sparsiflora, B. spatifolia, B. stricta, B. subpinnatifida, B. suffrutescens, B. texana, B. tiehmii, B. tularensis, B. ultra-alsa, B. villosa, B. williamsii, B. yorkii
Synonyms Arabis retrofracta, Arabis arcuata var. secunda, Arabis exilis, Arabis holboellii var. retrofracta, Arabis holboellii var. secunda, Arabis lignipes, Arabis retrofracta var. multicaulis, Arabis secunda, Arabis sparsiflora subsp. secunda, Arabis tenuis, B. exilis, B. holboellii var. secunda Arabis pulchra var. gracilis, Arabis pulchra var. glabrescens, Arabis pulchra var. viridis, B. pulchra var. gracilis
Name authority (Graham) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Taxon 31: 125. (1982) Windham & Al-Shehbaz: Harvard Pap. Bot. 12: 250. (2007)
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