Boechera retrofracta |
Boechera xylopoda |
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dangling suncress, reflexed rock-cress, secund rock-cress |
beautiful rockcress, bigfoot hybrid rockcress |
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Habit | Biennials or perennials; short-lived; sexual; caudex present or absent. | Perennials; long-lived; apomictic; caudex woody. |
Stems | usually 1 per caudex branch, arising from center of rosette near ground surface, 1.5–7(–10.5) dm, densely pubescent proximally, trichomes short-stalked, 2–8-rayed, 0.1–0.2 mm, sparsely pubescent distally. |
usually 1 from per caudex branch, arising from center of leaf tuft, elevated above ground surface on woody base, (3–)5–7.5 dm, pubescent proximally, trichomes short-stalked, 2–5-rayed, 0.25–0.9 mm., similarly pubescent distally. |
Basal leaves | blade oblanceolate, 2–7 mm wide, margins entire or shallowly dentate, sometimes ciliate at petiole base, surfaces densely pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, 5–10-rayed, 0.05–0.2 mm. |
blade linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, 3–7 mm wide, margins entire or somewhat dentate, ciliate near petiole base, trichomes (simple), to 1.5 mm, surfaces densely pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, 4–8-rayed, 0.15–0.5 mm. |
Cauline leaves | 15–40, concealing stem proximally; blade auricles 0.5–2.5 mm or, rarely, absent, surfaces of distalmost leaves pubescent. |
8–18, usually not concealing stem; blade auricles 1–2 mm, surfaces of distalmost leaves sparsely pubescent. |
Racemes | 15–80(–140)-flowered, usually unbranched. |
20–38-flowered, usually unbranched. |
Flowers | pendent at anthesis; sepals pubescent; petals white to lavender, 4–8 × 0.8–2.2 mm, glabrous; pollen ellipsoid. |
divaricate to pendent at anthesis; sepals pubescent; petals purple, 9–12 × 2–3.5 mm, sparsely pubescent (often some trichomes abaxially); pollen spheroid. |
Fruiting pedicels | reflexed, abruptly recurved at base, otherwise usually straight, 7–12(–18) mm, pubescent, trichomes appressed, branched. |
descending-divaricate, usually recurved, 9–20 mm, usually pubescent, rarely glabrous, trichomes subappressed, branched. |
Fruits | strongly reflexed, usually appressed to rachis, sometimes somewhat secund, straight, edges parallel, 3.5–9 cm × 0.9–1.8 mm; valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent throughout; ovules 60–116 per ovary; style 0.5–2 mm. |
reflexed, not appressed to rachis, not secund, straight, edges parallel, 5–7 cm × 2–2.5 mm; valves glabrous proximally, sparsely pubescent distally; ovules 98–126 per ovary; style 0.1–0.5 mm. |
Seeds | uniseriate, 1–1.4 × 0.9–1.2 mm; wing continuous, to 0.1 mm wide. |
sub-biseriate, 2–2.5 × 1.3–1.6 mm; wing continuous, 0.2–0.25 mm wide. |
2n | = 14. |
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Boechera retrofracta |
Boechera xylopoda |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Rock outcrops, open hillsides, gravel bars and sandy banks in grassland, sagebrush, oak woodlands, and open conifer forests | Rock outcrops and gravelly slopes, often under shelter of shrubs in desert scrub, sagebrush, and chaparral communities |
Elevation | 300-3300 m (1000-10800 ft) | 900-2000 m (3000-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MI; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
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CA; NV
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Discussion | Though often treated as a variety of Arabis (Boechera) holboellii (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1993; G. A. Mulligan 1996; N. H. Holmgren 2005b), B. retrofracta is easily distinguished from that species by having narrower (0.9–1.8 versus 2–2.5 mm), mostly non-secund fruits that are almost always appressed to rachises. The two taxa have allopatric distributions, with B. retrofracta found on the North American continent (mostly west of the Great Plains) and B. holboellii apparently confined to Greenland. Boechera retrofracta has formed hybrids with at least 12 other species. Besides differing in macromorphological characters, all those hybrids are distinct from B. retrofracta in the strict sense in having wider (20–30 versus 13–16 µm), spheroid pollen grains with asymmetric colpi. Arabis kochii Blankinship is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with Boechera retrofracta. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Although usually treated as a variety of Arabis (Boechera) pulchra, B. xylopoda is an apomictic taxon that is morphologically intermediate between B. perennans and B. pulchra (see M. D. Windham and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2007b for detailed comparison) and probably arose through hybridization between those two sexual diploids. Arabis trichopoda Greene (1908), not Turczaninow (1840) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with Boechera xylopoda. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 402. | FNA vol. 7, p. 411. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Boechereae > Boechera | Brassicaceae > tribe Boechereae > Boechera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Arabis retrofracta, Arabis arcuata var. secunda, Arabis exilis, Arabis holboellii var. retrofracta, Arabis holboellii var. secunda, Arabis lignipes, Arabis retrofracta var. multicaulis, Arabis secunda, Arabis sparsiflora subsp. secunda, Arabis tenuis, B. exilis, B. holboellii var. secunda | Arabis pulchra var. gracilis, Arabis pulchra var. glabrescens, Arabis pulchra var. viridis, B. pulchra var. gracilis |
Name authority | (Graham) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Taxon 31: 125. (1982) | Windham & Al-Shehbaz: Harvard Pap. Bot. 12: 250. (2007) |
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