Boechera breweri |
Boechera retrofracta |
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Brewer's rock-cress |
dangling suncress, reflexed rock-cress, secund rock-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; long-lived; sexual; caudex woody. | Biennials or perennials; short-lived; sexual; caudex present or absent. | ||||
Stems | usually 1 per caudex branch, arising from center of rosette, somewhat elevated on woody base or from ground surface, 0.6–3.5(–4.5) dm, densely pubescent proximally, trichomes long-stalked and simple, 2-rayed (sometimes all simple), 0.4–1 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. |
usually 1 per caudex branch, arising from center of rosette near ground surface, 1.5–7(–10.5) dm, densely pubescent proximally, trichomes short-stalked, 2–8-rayed, 0.1–0.2 mm, sparsely pubescent distally. |
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Basal leaves | blade oblanceolate, 3–7(–11) mm wide, margins entire or dentate, ciliate proximally, trichomes to 1 mm, surfaces densely pubescent, trichomes long-stalked, 2–4-rayed, 0.4–0.8 mm. |
blade oblanceolate, 2–7 mm wide, margins entire or shallowly dentate, sometimes ciliate at petiole base, surfaces densely pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, 5–10-rayed, 0.05–0.2 mm. |
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Cauline leaves | 5–15(–28), often concealing stem proximally; blade auricles 0.5–3(–5) mm, surfaces of distalmost leaves pubescent. |
15–40, concealing stem proximally; blade auricles 0.5–2.5 mm or, rarely, absent, surfaces of distalmost leaves pubescent. |
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Racemes | 7–20(–30)-flowered, usually unbranched. |
15–80(–140)-flowered, usually unbranched. |
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Flowers | ascending at anthesis; sepals pubescent; petals usually purple (rarely lavender), 7–12 × 2–4 mm, glabrous; pollen ellipsoid. |
pendent at anthesis; sepals pubescent; petals white to lavender, 4–8 × 0.8–2.2 mm, glabrous; pollen ellipsoid. |
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Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, straight, 3–25 mm, pubescent or glabrous, trichomes spreading, simple and 2-rayed. |
reflexed, abruptly recurved at base, otherwise usually straight, 7–12(–18) mm, pubescent, trichomes appressed, branched. |
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Fruits | ascending to divaricate-ascending, not appressed to rachis, not secund, usually curved, rarely straight, edges parallel, 3.5–10 cm × 1.5–2.2 mm; valves usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent; ovules 48–96 per ovary; style 0.05–0.3 mm. |
strongly reflexed, usually appressed to rachis, sometimes somewhat secund, straight, edges parallel, 3.5–9 cm × 0.9–1.8 mm; valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent throughout; ovules 60–116 per ovary; style 0.5–2 mm. |
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Seeds | uniseriate, 1.2–1.7 × 1–1.2 mm; wing continuous, 0.1–0.2 mm wide distally. |
uniseriate, 1–1.4 × 0.9–1.2 mm; wing continuous, to 0.1 mm wide. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Boechera breweri |
Boechera retrofracta |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Rock outcrops, open hillsides, gravel bars and sandy banks in grassland, sagebrush, oak woodlands, and open conifer forests | |||||
Elevation | 300-3300 m (1000-10800 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AK; CA; ID; MI; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Relatively few other sexual diploid species of Boechera co-occur with B. breweri, and the only currently recognized hybrid involving this taxon is B. rubicundula (= B. arcuata × B. breweri; M. D. Windham and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2007). Boechera breweri appears to be related to B. sparsiflora, and some specimens of subsp. shastaensis can be difficult to separate from that species. The two subspecies appear to intergrade on the western side of the Sacramento Valley from Tehama to Solano counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Though often treated as a variety of Arabis (Boechera) holboellii (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1993; G. A. Mulligan 1996; N. H. Holmgren 2005b), B. retrofracta is easily distinguished from that species by having narrower (0.9–1.8 versus 2–2.5 mm), mostly non-secund fruits that are almost always appressed to rachises. The two taxa have allopatric distributions, with B. retrofracta found on the North American continent (mostly west of the Great Plains) and B. holboellii apparently confined to Greenland. Boechera retrofracta has formed hybrids with at least 12 other species. Besides differing in macromorphological characters, all those hybrids are distinct from B. retrofracta in the strict sense in having wider (20–30 versus 13–16 µm), spheroid pollen grains with asymmetric colpi. Arabis kochii Blankinship is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with Boechera retrofracta. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 367. | FNA vol. 7, p. 402. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Boechereae > Boechera | Brassicaceae > tribe Boechereae > Boechera | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Arabis breweri, Arabis breweri var. figularis, Arabis epilobioides | Arabis retrofracta, Arabis arcuata var. secunda, Arabis exilis, Arabis holboellii var. retrofracta, Arabis holboellii var. secunda, Arabis lignipes, Arabis retrofracta var. multicaulis, Arabis secunda, Arabis sparsiflora subsp. secunda, Arabis tenuis, B. exilis, B. holboellii var. secunda | ||||
Name authority | (S. Watson) Al-Shehbaz: Novon 13: 384. (2003) | (Graham) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Taxon 31: 125. (1982) | ||||
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