Bidens tripartita |
Bidens vulgata |
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bident à trois divisions, three-lobed beggar-ticks, three-lobed beggars-ticks, three-part beggarticks, threelobe beggarticks, tickseed |
bident vulgaire, big devils beggartick, tall beggar-ticks, tall beggars-ticks, western sticktight |
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Habit | Annuals, (5–)20–70(–200) cm. | Annuals, (15–)30–50(–150) cm. |
Leaves | sessile or petioles 5–15(–35+) mm (± winged); blades ± elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 40–80(–150+) × 15–40(–60+) mm, sometimes laciniately 1-pinnatisect with 1–4+ lobes near bases, bases cuneate, margins entire or dentate to serrate, usually ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or hirtellous. |
petioles 10–50 mm; blades ± deltate to ovate overall, 50–100(–150+) × (15–)30–80(–120+) mm, usually laciniately 1-pinnatisect or 3–5-foliolate, primary lobes or leaflets ± lanceolate, 20–80(–120) × 10–25(–40+) mm, blades rarely 2–3-pinnatisect, bases cuneate, ultimate margins dentate to serrate, little, if at all, ciliate, apices acute to attenuate, faces glabrous or ± hispidulous. |
Peduncles | 10–40(–80) mm. |
(10–)40–150+ mm. |
Involucres | campanulate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)5–7(–12) × (3–)6–12(–15+) mm. |
hemispheric or broader, 5–6 × 8–10 mm. |
Ray florets | usually 0, sometimes 1–5; laminae orange yellowish, 4–8 mm. |
0 or 3–5+; laminae pale yellow, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Disc florets | (5–)20–60(–150+); corollas pale yellow to orange, (2–)3–4 mm (gradually ampliate, anthers usually pale). |
40–60(–150+); corollas yellow, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | (6–)7–8(–13), elliptic-ovate to lance-ovate, (4–)6–9(–12) mm. |
10–12, ovate to lanceolate, 6–9 mm. |
Calyculi | of (2–)6–7(–10) ± spreading, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 7–35(–60) mm, margins (entire or serrate) sometimes sparsely ciliate, abaxial faces hispidulous near bases, distally glabrous. |
of 10–16(–21) ascending to spreading, spatulate to linear, seldom foliaceous bractlets or bracts 10–20(–40) mm, margins usually hispid-ciliate, abaxial faces ± hispidulous. |
Heads | borne singly or in 2s or 3s. |
borne singly or in 2s or 3s or in open, corymbiform arrays, erect. |
Cypselae | blackish to purplish or brown, ± flattened, sometimes weakly 3(–4)-angled, usually cuneate to linear, outer (3–)6–7(–10) mm, inner (4–)6–9(–11) mm, margins proximally antrorsely to patently, distally retrorsely, barbed, apices ± truncate to concave, faces ± 1-nerved, usually smooth, seldom notably tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely strigillose; pappi 0, or of (1–)3–3(–4+) ± erect to spreading, retrorsely barbed awns (0.2–)2–3(–6) mm. |
purplish, brown, olive, or stramineous, ± flattened, obovate to cuneate, outer 6–10 mm, inner 8–12 mm, margins (sometime ± winged) proximally antrorsely, distally retrorsely barbed, apices ± truncate, faces obscurely 1-nerved, sometimes tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely strigillose; pappi of 2 erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns 3–4(–7) mm. |
2n | = 48. |
= 24, 48. |
Bidens tripartita |
Bidens vulgata |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Marshes and other wet sites | Ditches, shores of lakes and streams, swamps, marshes, moist woods, roadsides, railroads, fields, waste areas |
Elevation | 10–1700 m [30–5600 ft] | 10–1000 m [30–3300 ft] |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; QC; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in Pacific Islands, Australia]
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AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe]
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Discussion | Plants with cypsela mid-nerves strongly developed (cypselae more or less strongly 4-angled and, often, tuberculate) that are treated below as Bidens connata have been included in B. tripartita, perhaps rightly so. And some botanists have included (or advocated inclusion of) B. eatonii, B. heterodoxa, and/or B. infirma in B. tripartita, as well, perhaps rightly so. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bidens vulgata is similar to B. frondosa; it is more robust. Both are phenotypically plastic. Locally, B. vulgata often matures earlier than B. frondosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 217. | FNA vol. 21, p. 212. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. comosa | B. frondosa var. puberula, B. puberula, B. vulgata var. dissectior, B. vulgata var. puberula, B. vulgata var. schizantha |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 831. (1753) | Greene: Pittonia 4: 72. (1899) |
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