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bident à trois divisions, three-lobed beggar-ticks, three-lobed beggars-ticks, three-part beggarticks, threelobe beggarticks, tickseed

bident feuillu, common beggarticks, devil's beggar-ticks, devil's beggartick, devil's pitchfork, leafy beggar-ticks, leafy beggars-ticks, sticktight

Habit Annuals, (5–)20–70(–200) cm. Annuals, (10–)20–60(–180) cm.
Leaves

sessile or petioles 5–15(–35+) mm (± winged);

blades ± elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 40–80(–150+) × 15–40(–60+) mm, sometimes laciniately 1-pinnatisect with 1–4+ lobes near bases, bases cuneate, margins entire or dentate to serrate, usually ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or hirtellous.

petioles 10–40(–60) mm;

blades deltate to lance-ovate overall, 30–80(–150+) × 20–60(–100+) mm, 3(–5)-foliolate, leaflets petiolulate, lanceolate to lance-ovate, (15–)35–60(–120) × (5–)10–20(–30) mm, bases cuneate, margins dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acuminate to attenuate, faces glabrous or hirtellous.

Peduncles

10–40(–80) mm.

10–40(–80+) mm.

Involucres

campanulate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)5–7(–12) × (3–)6–12(–15+) mm.

campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 6–9 × 7–12 mm.

Ray florets

usually 0, sometimes 1–5;

laminae orange yellowish, 4–8 mm.

0 or 1–3+;

laminae golden yellow, 2–3.5 mm.

Disc florets

(5–)20–60(–150+);

corollas pale yellow to orange, (2–)3–4 mm (gradually ampliate, anthers usually pale).

20–60(–120+);

corollas ± orange, 2.5–3+ mm.

Phyllaries

(6–)7–8(–13), elliptic-ovate to lance-ovate, (4–)6–9(–12) mm.

6–12, oblong or ovate to lance-ovate, 5–9 mm.

Calyculi

of (2–)6–7(–10) ± spreading, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 7–35(–60) mm, margins (entire or serrate) sometimes sparsely ciliate, abaxial faces hispidulous near bases, distally glabrous.

of (5–)8(–10) ascending to spreading, spatulate or oblanceolate to linear, sometimes ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 5–20(–60) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or hirtellous.

Heads

borne singly or in 2s or 3s.

usually borne singly, sometimes in 2s or 3s or in open, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

blackish to purplish or brown, ± flattened, sometimes weakly 3(–4)-angled, usually cuneate to linear, outer (3–)6–7(–10) mm, inner (4–)6–9(–11) mm, margins proximally antrorsely to patently, distally retrorsely, barbed, apices ± truncate to concave, faces ± 1-nerved, usually smooth, seldom notably tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely strigillose;

pappi 0, or of (1–)3–3(–4+) ± erect to spreading, retrorsely barbed awns (0.2–)2–3(–6) mm.

blackish to brown or stramineous, ± obcompressed, obovate to cuneate, outer 5–7 mm, inner 7–10 mm, margins antrorsely or retrorsely barbed, apices ± truncate to concave, faces usually 1-nerved, sometimes tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous;

pappi of 2 ± erect to spreading, antrorsely or retrorsely barbed awns 2–5 mm.

2n

= 48.

= 24, 48, 72.

Bidens tripartita

Bidens frondosa

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering (Jun–)Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Marshes and other wet sites Moist woods, meadows, thickets, fields, roadsides, railroads, borders of streams, ponds, sloughs, swamps, ditches
Elevation 10–1700 m (0–5600 ft) 10–2000 m (0–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; QC; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Mexico [Introduced, Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plants with cypsela mid-nerves strongly developed (cypselae more or less strongly 4-angled and, often, tuberculate) that are treated below as Bidens connata have been included in B. tripartita, perhaps rightly so. And some botanists have included (or advocated inclusion of) B. eatonii, B. heterodoxa, and/or B. infirma in B. tripartita, as well, perhaps rightly so.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Infusions and tinctures of Bidens frondosa are rated as outstanding herbal therapies for irritation, inflammation, pain, and bleeding of the urinary tract mucosa and are used for benign prostatic hypertrophy and increasing excretion of uric acid, decreasing the risk of gout attacks, as well as other medical uses (M. Moore 1993).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 217. FNA vol. 21, p. 212.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens
Sibling taxa
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. vulgata
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
Synonyms B. comosa B. frondosa var. anomala, B. frondosa var. caudata, B. frondosa var. pallida, B. frondosa var. stenodonta, B. melanocarpa
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 831. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753)
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