Flora of North America species comparison

usually 1, usually erect, (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate) branched distally or ± throughout.

sessile or petioles 5–15(–35+) mm (± winged);

blades ± elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 40–80(–150+) × 15–40(–60+) mm, sometimes laciniately 1-pinnatisect with 1–4+ lobes near bases, bases cuneate, margins entire or dentate to serrate, usually ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or hirtellous.

usually cauline; usually opposite, rarely whorled, distal sometimes alternate; petiolate or sessile;

blades simple, compound (leaflets petiolulate), or 1–3+-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed (submerged leaves multifid in B. beckii, an aquatic), ultimate margins entire, dentate, laciniate, serrate, or toothed, faces usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous, hispidulous, pilosulous, puberulent, scabrellous, or strigillose.

10–40(–80) mm.

campanulate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)5–7(–12) × (3–)6–12(–15+) mm.

mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, (1–)4–12(–25+) mm diam.

flat or slightly convex, paleate;

paleae usually falling, (usually stramineous, sometimes yellow to orange, with darker striae) ± flat to slightly navicular.

usually 0, sometimes 1–5;

laminae orange yellowish, 4–8 mm.

usually 1–21+ (often 3, 5, 8, or 13), sometimes 0, usually neuter, sometimes styliferous and sterile;

corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or pinkish.

(5–)20–60(–150+);

corollas pale yellow to orange, (2–)3–4 mm (gradually ampliate, anthers usually pale).

(5–)12–60(–150+), bisexual, fertile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes whitish [purplish], tubes shorter than throats, lobes (3–)5, ± deltate (staminal filaments glabrous; style-branch appendages deltate or lanceolate to subulate).

(6–)7–8(–13), elliptic-ovate to lance-ovate, (4–)6–9(–12) mm.

persistent, mostly (4–)8–21(–30+) in ± 2 series, usually distinct, sometimes connate 0.05–0.1 their lengths, mostly oblong or ovate to lance-oblong, chartaceous to membranous or scarious (usually striate with brownish nerves, margins usually hyaline).

of (2–)6–7(–10) ± spreading, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 7–35(–60) mm, margins (entire or serrate) sometimes sparsely ciliate, abaxial faces hispidulous near bases, distally glabrous.

of (3–)5–13(–21+) erect to spreading or reflexed, ± herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous) bractlets or bracts (sometimes surpassing phyllaries).

borne singly or in 2s or 3s.

usually radiate or discoid, sometimes ± disciform, usually in corymbiform arrays, sometimes in 2s or 3s or borne singly.

blackish to purplish or brown, ± flattened, sometimes weakly 3(–4)-angled, usually cuneate to linear, outer (3–)6–7(–10) mm, inner (4–)6–9(–11) mm, margins proximally antrorsely to patently, distally retrorsely, barbed, apices ± truncate to concave, faces ± 1-nerved, usually smooth, seldom notably tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely strigillose;

pappi 0, or of (1–)3–3(–4+) ± erect to spreading, retrorsely barbed awns (0.2–)2–3(–6) mm.

usually obcompressed to flat, unequally 3–4-angled, and cuneate to oblanceolate or obovate, sometimes (all or inner) ± equally 4-angled and linear-fusiform, rarely subterete, margins (± corky-winged in B. aristosa, B. cernua, and B. polylepis) usually retrorsely, sometimes patently or antrorsely, barbed or ciliate, apices sometimes attenuate, not beaked [beaked], faces smooth, striate, or ± tuberculate, glabrous or hairy, each sometimes with 2 grooves;

pappi 0, or persistent, of (1–)2–4(–8) usually retrorsely, sometimes antrorsely, barbellate or ciliate, rarely smooth, awns.

= 13.

= 48.