Bidens pilosa |
Bidens vulgata |
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bident poilu, cobbler's pegs, common beggar-ticks, hairy beggar-ticks, Spanish needle |
bident vulgaire, big devils beggartick, tall beggar-ticks, tall beggars-ticks, western sticktight |
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Habit | Annuals [perennials], (10–)30–60(–180+)[–250] cm. | Annuals, (15–)30–50(–150) cm. |
Leaves | petioles 10–30(–70) mm; blades either ovate to lanceolate, 30–70(–120) × 12–18(–45) mm, or 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes 3–7, ovate to lanceolate [linear], (10–)25–80+ × (5–)10–40+ mm [blades 2(–3)-pinnatisect], bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins serrate or entire, usually ciliate, apices acute to attenuate, faces pilosulous to sparsely hirtellous or glabrate. |
petioles 10–50 mm; blades ± deltate to ovate overall, 50–100(–150+) × (15–)30–80(–120+) mm, usually laciniately 1-pinnatisect or 3–5-foliolate, primary lobes or leaflets ± lanceolate, 20–80(–120) × 10–25(–40+) mm, blades rarely 2–3-pinnatisect, bases cuneate, ultimate margins dentate to serrate, little, if at all, ciliate, apices acute to attenuate, faces glabrous or ± hispidulous. |
Peduncles | 10–20(–90) mm. |
(10–)40–150+ mm. |
Involucres | turbinate to campanulate, 5–6 × (6–)7–8 mm. |
hemispheric or broader, 5–6 × 8–10 mm. |
Ray florets | 0 or (3–)5–8+; laminae whitish to pinkish [yellowish], 2–3 or 7–15+ mm. |
0 or 3–5+; laminae pale yellow, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Disc florets | 20–40(–80+); corollas yellowish, (2–)3–5 mm. |
40–60(–150+); corollas yellow, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | (7–)8–9(–13), lanceolate to oblanceolate, 4–6 mm. |
10–12, ovate to lanceolate, 6–9 mm. |
Calyculi | (6–)7–9(–13) ± appressed, spatulate to linear bractlets (3–)4–5 mm, margins ciliate, abaxial faces usually hispidulous to puberulent. |
of 10–16(–21) ascending to spreading, spatulate to linear, seldom foliaceous bractlets or bracts 10–20(–40) mm, margins usually hispid-ciliate, abaxial faces ± hispidulous. |
Heads | usually borne singly, sometimes in open, ± corymbiform arrays. |
borne singly or in 2s or 3s or in open, corymbiform arrays, erect. |
Cypselae | outer red-brown, ± flat, linear to narrowly cuneate, (3–)4–5+ mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± truncate or somewhat attenuate, faces obscurely 2-grooved, sometimes tuberculate-hispidulous; inner blackish, ± equally 4-angled, linear-fusiform, 7–16 mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± attenuate, faces 2-grooved, tuberculate-hispidulous to sparsely strigillose; pappi 0, or of 2–3(–5), erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns (0.5–)2–4 mm. |
purplish, brown, olive, or stramineous, ± flattened, obovate to cuneate, outer 6–10 mm, inner 8–12 mm, margins (sometime ± winged) proximally antrorsely, distally retrorsely barbed, apices ± truncate, faces obscurely 1-nerved, sometimes tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely strigillose; pappi of 2 erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns 3–4(–7) mm. |
2n | = 24, 36, 48, 72. |
= 24, 48. |
Bidens pilosa |
Bidens vulgata |
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Phenology | Flowering year round. | Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Disturbed, wettish sites | Ditches, shores of lakes and streams, swamps, marshes, moist woods, roadsides, railroads, fields, waste areas |
Elevation | 10–1900 m (0–6200 ft) | 10–1000 m (0–3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NM; PA; SC; TX; ON; QC; Mexico; Central America [Introduced, Europe]
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AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe]
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Discussion | R. Ballard (1986) adopted a narrower circumscription of Bidens pilosa than that used here. He used: B. pilosa for plants with outer phyllaries 7–10, ray florets usually 0 (when present, laminae 2–3 mm), disc florets 35–75, pappi of 3(–5) awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 72; B. alba for plants with outer phyllaries (8–)12(–16), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 5–16 mm), pappi of 2 awns 1–2 mm, and 2n = 48; and B. odorata for plants with outer phyllaries (6–)8(–12), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 3–18 mm), disc florets 12–61, pappi 0, or of 1–2 awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 24. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bidens vulgata is similar to B. frondosa; it is more robust. Both are phenotypically plastic. Locally, B. vulgata often matures earlier than B. frondosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 211. | FNA vol. 21, p. 212. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. alba, B. alba var. radiata, B. odorata, B. pilosa var. radiata | B. frondosa var. puberula, B. puberula, B. vulgata var. dissectior, B. vulgata var. puberula, B. vulgata var. schizantha |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753) | Greene: Pittonia 4: 72. (1899) |
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