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bident poilu, cobbler's pegs, common beggar-ticks, hairy beggar-ticks, Spanish needle

bident hyperboréal, estuary beggarticks, northern beggar-ticks

Habit Annuals [perennials], (10–)30–60(–180+)[–250] cm. Annuals, (5–)10–30(–70+) cm.
Leaves

petioles 10–30(–70) mm;

blades either ovate to lanceolate, 30–70(–120) × 12–18(–45) mm, or 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes 3–7, ovate to lanceolate [linear], (10–)25–80+ × (5–)10–40+ mm [blades 2(–3)-pinnatisect], bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins serrate or entire, usually ciliate, apices acute to attenuate, faces pilosulous to sparsely hirtellous or glabrate.

sessile or petioles 5–25 mm (± winged);

blades oblanceolate to linear, 15–40(–100+) × (3–)6–10(–15+) mm, bases cuneate, margins entire or ± serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices rounded or obtuse to attenuate, faces glabrous.

Peduncles

10–20(–90) mm.

10–60 mm.

Involucres

turbinate to campanulate, 5–6 × (6–)7–8 mm.

usually ± campanulate to cylindric, sometimes ± hemispheric, 5–7(–9) × (4–)7–10 mm.

Ray florets

0 or (3–)5–8+;

laminae whitish to pinkish [yellowish], 2–3 or 7–15+ mm.

0 or 3–7;

laminae pale yellow, 4–12 mm.

Disc florets

20–40(–80+);

corollas yellowish, (2–)3–5 mm.

15–30(–60);

corollas yellow (often orange-tipped), 3–4 mm.

Phyllaries

(7–)8–9(–13), lanceolate to oblanceolate, 4–6 mm.

6–8(–12), oblong, 6–11 mm (tips usually yellow, as are tips of paleae).

Calyculi

(6–)7–9(–13) ± appressed, spatulate to linear bractlets (3–)4–5 mm, margins ciliate, abaxial faces usually hispidulous to puberulent.

of 2–3(–9) erect, oblanceolate to lance-linear (± foliaceous) bractlets or bracts (6–)10–20(–75+) mm, margins usually ciliolate, abaxial faces glabrous.

Heads

usually borne singly, sometimes in open, ± corymbiform arrays.

borne singly or in 2s or 3s.

Cypselae

outer red-brown, ± flat, linear to narrowly cuneate, (3–)4–5+ mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± truncate or somewhat attenuate, faces obscurely 2-grooved, sometimes tuberculate-hispidulous;

inner blackish, ± equally 4-angled, linear-fusiform, 7–16 mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± attenuate, faces 2-grooved, tuberculate-hispidulous to sparsely strigillose;

pappi 0, or of 2–3(–5), erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns (0.5–)2–4 mm.

blackish to olive, flattened, narrowly cuneate, outer 4–9 mm, inner 5–10 mm, margins retrorsely barbed, apices ± truncate to convex, faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate, glabrous;

pappi of (2–)3–4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 2–5 mm.

2n

= 24, 36, 48, 72.

Bidens pilosa

Bidens hyperborea

Phenology Flowering year round. Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed, wettish sites Marshes, borders of estuaries
Elevation 10–1900 m (0–6200 ft) 0–10 m (0–0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NM; PA; SC; TX; ON; QC; Mexico; Central America [Introduced, Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MA; ME; NH; NY; NB; NS; NU; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

R. Ballard (1986) adopted a narrower circumscription of Bidens pilosa than that used here. He used: B. pilosa for plants with outer phyllaries 7–10, ray florets usually 0 (when present, laminae 2–3 mm), disc florets 35–75, pappi of 3(–5) awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 72; B. alba for plants with outer phyllaries (8–)12(–16), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 5–16 mm), pappi of 2 awns 1–2 mm, and 2n = 48; and B. odorata for plants with outer phyllaries (6–)8(–12), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 3–18 mm), disc florets 12–61, pappi 0, or of 1–2 awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 24.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 211. FNA vol. 21, p. 216.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens
Sibling taxa
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
Synonyms B. alba, B. alba var. radiata, B. odorata, B. pilosa var. radiata B. hyperborea var. arcuans, B. hyperborea var. cathancensis, B. hyperborea var. colpophila, B. hyperborea var. gaspensis, B. hyperborea var. svensonii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753) Greene: Pittonia 4: 257. (1901)
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