Bidens pilosa |
Bidens frondosa |
|
---|---|---|
bident poilu, cobbler's pegs, common beggar-ticks, hairy beggar-ticks, Spanish needle |
bident feuillu, common beggarticks, devil's beggar-ticks, devil's beggartick, devil's pitchfork, leafy beggar-ticks, leafy beggars-ticks, sticktight |
|
Habit | Annuals [perennials], (10–)30–60(–180+)[–250] cm. | Annuals, (10–)20–60(–180) cm. |
Leaves | petioles 10–30(–70) mm; blades either ovate to lanceolate, 30–70(–120) × 12–18(–45) mm, or 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes 3–7, ovate to lanceolate [linear], (10–)25–80+ × (5–)10–40+ mm [blades 2(–3)-pinnatisect], bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins serrate or entire, usually ciliate, apices acute to attenuate, faces pilosulous to sparsely hirtellous or glabrate. |
petioles 10–40(–60) mm; blades deltate to lance-ovate overall, 30–80(–150+) × 20–60(–100+) mm, 3(–5)-foliolate, leaflets petiolulate, lanceolate to lance-ovate, (15–)35–60(–120) × (5–)10–20(–30) mm, bases cuneate, margins dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acuminate to attenuate, faces glabrous or hirtellous. |
Peduncles | 10–20(–90) mm. |
10–40(–80+) mm. |
Involucres | turbinate to campanulate, 5–6 × (6–)7–8 mm. |
campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 6–9 × 7–12 mm. |
Ray florets | 0 or (3–)5–8+; laminae whitish to pinkish [yellowish], 2–3 or 7–15+ mm. |
0 or 1–3+; laminae golden yellow, 2–3.5 mm. |
Disc florets | 20–40(–80+); corollas yellowish, (2–)3–5 mm. |
20–60(–120+); corollas ± orange, 2.5–3+ mm. |
Phyllaries | (7–)8–9(–13), lanceolate to oblanceolate, 4–6 mm. |
6–12, oblong or ovate to lance-ovate, 5–9 mm. |
Calyculi | (6–)7–9(–13) ± appressed, spatulate to linear bractlets (3–)4–5 mm, margins ciliate, abaxial faces usually hispidulous to puberulent. |
of (5–)8(–10) ascending to spreading, spatulate or oblanceolate to linear, sometimes ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 5–20(–60) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or hirtellous. |
Heads | usually borne singly, sometimes in open, ± corymbiform arrays. |
usually borne singly, sometimes in 2s or 3s or in open, corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | outer red-brown, ± flat, linear to narrowly cuneate, (3–)4–5+ mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± truncate or somewhat attenuate, faces obscurely 2-grooved, sometimes tuberculate-hispidulous; inner blackish, ± equally 4-angled, linear-fusiform, 7–16 mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± attenuate, faces 2-grooved, tuberculate-hispidulous to sparsely strigillose; pappi 0, or of 2–3(–5), erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns (0.5–)2–4 mm. |
blackish to brown or stramineous, ± obcompressed, obovate to cuneate, outer 5–7 mm, inner 7–10 mm, margins antrorsely or retrorsely barbed, apices ± truncate to concave, faces usually 1-nerved, sometimes tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous; pappi of 2 ± erect to spreading, antrorsely or retrorsely barbed awns 2–5 mm. |
2n | = 24, 36, 48, 72. |
= 24, 48, 72. |
Bidens pilosa |
Bidens frondosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering year round. | Flowering (Jun–)Aug–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Disturbed, wettish sites | Moist woods, meadows, thickets, fields, roadsides, railroads, borders of streams, ponds, sloughs, swamps, ditches |
Elevation | 10–1900 m (0–6200 ft) | 10–2000 m (0–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NM; PA; SC; TX; ON; QC; Mexico; Central America [Introduced, Europe]
|
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Mexico [Introduced, Europe]
|
Discussion | R. Ballard (1986) adopted a narrower circumscription of Bidens pilosa than that used here. He used: B. pilosa for plants with outer phyllaries 7–10, ray florets usually 0 (when present, laminae 2–3 mm), disc florets 35–75, pappi of 3(–5) awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 72; B. alba for plants with outer phyllaries (8–)12(–16), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 5–16 mm), pappi of 2 awns 1–2 mm, and 2n = 48; and B. odorata for plants with outer phyllaries (6–)8(–12), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 3–18 mm), disc florets 12–61, pappi 0, or of 1–2 awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 24. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Infusions and tinctures of Bidens frondosa are rated as outstanding herbal therapies for irritation, inflammation, pain, and bleeding of the urinary tract mucosa and are used for benign prostatic hypertrophy and increasing excretion of uric acid, decreasing the risk of gout attacks, as well as other medical uses (M. Moore 1993). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 211. | FNA vol. 21, p. 212. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. alba, B. alba var. radiata, B. odorata, B. pilosa var. radiata | B. frondosa var. anomala, B. frondosa var. caudata, B. frondosa var. pallida, B. frondosa var. stenodonta, B. melanocarpa |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753) |
Web links |
|