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bident poilu, cobbler's pegs, common beggar-ticks, hairy beggar-ticks, Spanish needle

Spanish needles, Spanish needles beggar-ticks

Habit Annuals [perennials], (10–)30–60(–180+)[–250] cm. Annuals, (15–)30–100(–150+) cm.
Leaves

petioles 10–30(–70) mm;

blades either ovate to lanceolate, 30–70(–120) × 12–18(–45) mm, or 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes 3–7, ovate to lanceolate [linear], (10–)25–80+ × (5–)10–40+ mm [blades 2(–3)-pinnatisect], bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins serrate or entire, usually ciliate, apices acute to attenuate, faces pilosulous to sparsely hirtellous or glabrate.

petioles 20–50 mm;

blades rounded-deltate to ovate or lanceolate overall, (20–)30–70+ × (20–)30–60+ mm, (1–)2(–3)-pinnatisect, ultimate lobes obovate or lanceolate, 15–45+ × 10–25+ mm, bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins entire, sometimes ciliolate, apices rounded to acute or attenuate, faces usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous.

Peduncles

10–20(–90) mm.

(10–)20–50(–100) mm.

Involucres

turbinate to campanulate, 5–6 × (6–)7–8 mm.

± campanulate, 5–7 × 3–4(–5) mm.

Ray florets

0 or (3–)5–8+;

laminae whitish to pinkish [yellowish], 2–3 or 7–15+ mm.

0 or 3–5+;

laminae yellowish or whitish, 1–2(–3) mm.

Disc florets

20–40(–80+);

corollas yellowish, (2–)3–5 mm.

10–20(–30+);

corollas yellowish to whitish, 2–3 mm.

Phyllaries

(7–)8–9(–13), lanceolate to oblanceolate, 4–6 mm.

8–12, lanceolate to linear, 4–6 mm.

Calyculi

(6–)7–9(–13) ± appressed, spatulate to linear bractlets (3–)4–5 mm, margins ciliate, abaxial faces usually hispidulous to puberulent.

of (7–)8(–10) linear bractlets 3–5 mm, ± appressed, margins ciliate, abaxial faces usually glabrous.

Heads

usually borne singly, sometimes in open, ± corymbiform arrays.

usually borne singly, sometimes in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

outer red-brown, ± flat, linear to narrowly cuneate, (3–)4–5+ mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± truncate or somewhat attenuate, faces obscurely 2-grooved, sometimes tuberculate-hispidulous;

inner blackish, ± equally 4-angled, linear-fusiform, 7–16 mm, margins antrorsely hispidulous, apices ± attenuate, faces 2-grooved, tuberculate-hispidulous to sparsely strigillose;

pappi 0, or of 2–3(–5), erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns (0.5–)2–4 mm.

red-brown, outer weakly obcompressed, 7–15 mm, inner ± 4-angled, linear to linear-fusiform, 12–18 mm, margins not ciliate, apices ± attenuate, faces 2-grooved, often tuberculate-hispidulous;

pappi of (2–)3–4, erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns 2–4 mm.

2n

= 24, 36, 48, 72.

= 24, 72.

Bidens pilosa

Bidens bipinnata

Phenology Flowering year round. Flowering (Jun–)Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Disturbed, wettish sites Fields, forests, disturbed, wettish sites
Elevation 10–1900 m (0–6200 ft) 10–1800 m (0–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NM; PA; SC; TX; ON; QC; Mexico; Central America [Introduced, Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CT; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; NB; ON; South America; Europe; Asia; Pacific Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

R. Ballard (1986) adopted a narrower circumscription of Bidens pilosa than that used here. He used: B. pilosa for plants with outer phyllaries 7–10, ray florets usually 0 (when present, laminae 2–3 mm), disc florets 35–75, pappi of 3(–5) awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 72; B. alba for plants with outer phyllaries (8–)12(–16), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 5–16 mm), pappi of 2 awns 1–2 mm, and 2n = 48; and B. odorata for plants with outer phyllaries (6–)8(–12), ray florets 5–8 (laminae 3–18 mm), disc florets 12–61, pappi 0, or of 1–2 awns 1–3 mm, and 2n = 24.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bidens bipinnata is probably native in eastern Asia and introduced in South America, Europe, Asia, and Pacific Islands.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 211. FNA vol. 21, p. 210.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens
Sibling taxa
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
Synonyms B. alba, B. alba var. radiata, B. odorata, B. pilosa var. radiata B. bipinnata var. biternatoides
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753)
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