Bidens laevis |
Bidens discoidea |
|
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bur-marigold, smooth beggar-ticks, smooth beggartick |
bident discoïde, discoid beggarticks, small beggar-ticks, swamp beggar-ticks |
|
Habit | Annuals (sometimes persisting), (10–)20–60(–120+) cm. | Annuals, (10–)20–60(–180) cm. |
Leaves | (sometimes in 3s or 4s) sessile; blades obovate or elliptic to lanceolate or linear, (20–)50–100(–160+) × (5–)10–25(–40+) mm, bases cuneate to rounded, margins usually coarsely dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous. |
petioles 10–40(–60) mm; blades deltate to lance-ovate overall, 30–80(–100+) × 10–30(–80+) mm, usually 3-foliolate, leaflets petiolulate, lance-ovate to lanceolate, (10–)20–50(–100) × 5–20(–40) mm, bases cuneate, ultimate margins usually serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acuminate to attenuate, faces glabrous or hirtellous. |
Peduncles | (10–)20–60 mm. |
10–20(–50+) mm. |
Involucres | turbinate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)6–8(–10+) × 8–12+ mm. |
± hemispheric, 4–5(–7) × 4–6(–9) mm. |
Ray florets | usually 7–8, rarely 0; laminae orange-yellow, (10–)15–25(–30) mm. |
0. |
Disc florets | (25–)60–100(–150+); corollas yellow to orange-yellow, 3–6.5 mm. |
(10–)15–20+; corollas ± orange, 1.5–2 mm. |
Phyllaries | 8–12, ovate or obovate to lance-oblong, (4–)6–8(–10+) mm (tips often orange to purplish, as are tips of paleae). |
5–7, oblong to lanceolate, 4–6+ mm. |
Calyculi | of 5–7(–9+) erect or spreading to reflexed, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, often foliaceous bractlets or bracts (6–)10–12(–20+) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or bases hispidulous. |
of (3–)4(–5+) ± appressed, spatulate to linear, seldom foliaceous bractlets or bracts (3–)12–25 mm, margins seldom ciliate, abaxial faces usually glabrous. |
Heads | (erect at flowering, sometimes nodding in fruit) borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays. |
usually borne singly, sometimes in 2s or 3s. |
Cypselae | blackish, red-brown, or stramineous, obcompressed, flattened or unequally 3–4-angled, ± cuneate, outer 6–8 mm, inner 8–10 mm, margins retrorsely ciliate or barbed, apices ± truncate to convex, faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate, glabrous; pappi of 2–4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 3–5 mm. |
blackish to red-brown or stramineous, ± flattened, linear to narrowly cuneate, outer 3–5 mm, inner 4–6+ mm, margins not distinctly ciliate, apices ± truncate to concave, faces ± tuberculate, antrorsely strigillose; pappi of 2 ± erect, antrorsely barbed or smooth awns (0.2–)1–2.4 mm. |
2n | = 22, 24. |
= 24. |
Bidens laevis |
Bidens discoidea |
|
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct(–Dec). | Flowering Aug–Oct(–Nov). |
Habitat | Meadows, marshes, and margins of pools, streams, estuaries | Ponds, swamps, other relatively wet sites |
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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Discussion | Bidens laevis and B. cernua are similar in gross appearance; specimens of one are sometimes misidentified as the other. Perhaps they represent extremes of a single species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bidens discoidea is not nearly as variable morphologically as the closely related B. vulgata or B. frondosa. It differs from B. frondosa in having smaller heads, cypselae with shorter, antrorsely barbed awns, fewer phyllaries and flowers per head, sparse indument, and leaves with fewer, more acuminate leaflets. Both B. discoidea and B. frondosa differ from B. vulgata in texture of flowers, in heads, and in shapes and surfaces of cypselae (M. L. Roberts 1982, 1983; M. G. Hickler 1999). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 215. | FNA vol. 21, p. 211. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Helianthus laevis, B. chrysanthemoides, B. helianthoides, B. nashii, B. quadriaristata | Coreopsis discoidea |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 29. (1888) | (Torrey & A. Gray) Britton: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 281. (1893) |
Web links |