Bidens laevis |
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bur-marigold, smooth beggar-ticks, smooth beggartick |
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Habit | Annuals (sometimes persisting), (10–)20–60(–120+) cm. |
Leaves | (sometimes in 3s or 4s) sessile; blades obovate or elliptic to lanceolate or linear, (20–)50–100(–160+) × (5–)10–25(–40+) mm, bases cuneate to rounded, margins usually coarsely dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous. |
Peduncles | (10–)20–60 mm. |
Involucres | turbinate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)6–8(–10+) × 8–12+ mm. |
Ray florets | usually 7–8, rarely 0; laminae orange-yellow, (10–)15–25(–30) mm. |
Disc florets | (25–)60–100(–150+); corollas yellow to orange-yellow, 3–6.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | 8–12, ovate or obovate to lance-oblong, (4–)6–8(–10+) mm (tips often orange to purplish, as are tips of paleae). |
Calyculi | of 5–7(–9+) erect or spreading to reflexed, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, often foliaceous bractlets or bracts (6–)10–12(–20+) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or bases hispidulous. |
Heads | (erect at flowering, sometimes nodding in fruit) borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | blackish, red-brown, or stramineous, obcompressed, flattened or unequally 3–4-angled, ± cuneate, outer 6–8 mm, inner 8–10 mm, margins retrorsely ciliate or barbed, apices ± truncate to convex, faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate, glabrous; pappi of 2–4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 3–5 mm. |
2n | = 22, 24. |
Bidens laevis |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct(–Dec). |
Habitat | Meadows, marshes, and margins of pools, streams, estuaries |
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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Discussion | Bidens laevis and B. cernua are similar in gross appearance; specimens of one are sometimes misidentified as the other. Perhaps they represent extremes of a single species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 215. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | Helianthus laevis, B. chrysanthemoides, B. helianthoides, B. nashii, B. quadriaristata |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 29. (1888) |
Web links |