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bur-marigold, smooth beggar-ticks, smooth beggartick

Habit Annuals (sometimes persisting), (10–)20–60(–120+) cm.
Leaves

(sometimes in 3s or 4s) sessile;

blades obovate or elliptic to lanceolate or linear, (20–)50–100(–160+) × (5–)10–25(–40+) mm, bases cuneate to rounded, margins usually coarsely dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous.

Peduncles

(10–)20–60 mm.

Involucres

turbinate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)6–8(–10+) × 8–12+ mm.

Ray florets

usually 7–8, rarely 0;

laminae orange-yellow, (10–)15–25(–30) mm.

Disc florets

(25–)60–100(–150+);

corollas yellow to orange-yellow, 3–6.5 mm.

Phyllaries

8–12, ovate or obovate to lance-oblong, (4–)6–8(–10+) mm (tips often orange to purplish, as are tips of paleae).

Calyculi

of 5–7(–9+) erect or spreading to reflexed, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, often foliaceous bractlets or bracts (6–)10–12(–20+) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or bases hispidulous.

Heads

(erect at flowering, sometimes nodding in fruit) borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

blackish, red-brown, or stramineous, obcompressed, flattened or unequally 3–4-angled, ± cuneate, outer 6–8 mm, inner 8–10 mm, margins retrorsely ciliate or barbed, apices ± truncate to convex, faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate, glabrous;

pappi of 2–4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 3–5 mm.

2n

= 22, 24.

Bidens laevis

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct(–Dec).
Habitat Meadows, marshes, and margins of pools, streams, estuaries
Elevation 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bidens laevis and B. cernua are similar in gross appearance; specimens of one are sometimes misidentified as the other. Perhaps they represent extremes of a single species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 215.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens
Sibling taxa
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
Synonyms Helianthus laevis, B. chrysanthemoides, B. helianthoides, B. nashii, B. quadriaristata
Name authority (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 29. (1888)
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