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bident hyperboréal, estuary beggarticks, northern beggar-ticks

bur-marigold, smooth beggar-ticks, smooth beggartick

Habit Annuals, (5–)10–30(–70+) cm. Annuals (sometimes persisting), (10–)20–60(–120+) cm.
Leaves

sessile or petioles 5–25 mm (± winged);

blades oblanceolate to linear, 15–40(–100+) × (3–)6–10(–15+) mm, bases cuneate, margins entire or ± serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices rounded or obtuse to attenuate, faces glabrous.

(sometimes in 3s or 4s) sessile;

blades obovate or elliptic to lanceolate or linear, (20–)50–100(–160+) × (5–)10–25(–40+) mm, bases cuneate to rounded, margins usually coarsely dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous.

Peduncles

10–60 mm.

(10–)20–60 mm.

Involucres

usually ± campanulate to cylindric, sometimes ± hemispheric, 5–7(–9) × (4–)7–10 mm.

turbinate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)6–8(–10+) × 8–12+ mm.

Ray florets

0 or 3–7;

laminae pale yellow, 4–12 mm.

usually 7–8, rarely 0;

laminae orange-yellow, (10–)15–25(–30) mm.

Disc florets

15–30(–60);

corollas yellow (often orange-tipped), 3–4 mm.

(25–)60–100(–150+);

corollas yellow to orange-yellow, 3–6.5 mm.

Phyllaries

6–8(–12), oblong, 6–11 mm (tips usually yellow, as are tips of paleae).

8–12, ovate or obovate to lance-oblong, (4–)6–8(–10+) mm (tips often orange to purplish, as are tips of paleae).

Calyculi

of 2–3(–9) erect, oblanceolate to lance-linear (± foliaceous) bractlets or bracts (6–)10–20(–75+) mm, margins usually ciliolate, abaxial faces glabrous.

of 5–7(–9+) erect or spreading to reflexed, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, often foliaceous bractlets or bracts (6–)10–12(–20+) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or bases hispidulous.

Heads

borne singly or in 2s or 3s.

(erect at flowering, sometimes nodding in fruit) borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

blackish to olive, flattened, narrowly cuneate, outer 4–9 mm, inner 5–10 mm, margins retrorsely barbed, apices ± truncate to convex, faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate, glabrous;

pappi of (2–)3–4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 2–5 mm.

blackish, red-brown, or stramineous, obcompressed, flattened or unequally 3–4-angled, ± cuneate, outer 6–8 mm, inner 8–10 mm, margins retrorsely ciliate or barbed, apices ± truncate to convex, faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate, glabrous;

pappi of 2–4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 3–5 mm.

2n

= 22, 24.

Bidens hyperborea

Bidens laevis

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering Aug–Oct(–Dec).
Habitat Marshes, borders of estuaries Meadows, marshes, and margins of pools, streams, estuaries
Elevation 0–10 m (0–0 ft) 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
MA; ME; NH; NY; NB; NS; NU; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bidens laevis and B. cernua are similar in gross appearance; specimens of one are sometimes misidentified as the other. Perhaps they represent extremes of a single species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 216. FNA vol. 21, p. 215.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens
Sibling taxa
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
Synonyms B. hyperborea var. arcuans, B. hyperborea var. cathancensis, B. hyperborea var. colpophila, B. hyperborea var. gaspensis, B. hyperborea var. svensonii Helianthus laevis, B. chrysanthemoides, B. helianthoides, B. nashii, B. quadriaristata
Name authority Greene: Pittonia 4: 257. (1901) (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 29. (1888)
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