Bidens connata |
Bidens laevis |
|
---|---|---|
bident conné, purple-stem beggar-ticks, purplestem beggars-ticks, swamp beggar-ticks |
bur-marigold, smooth beggar-ticks, smooth beggartick |
|
Habit | Annuals, (5–)25–150(–200) cm. | Annuals (sometimes persisting), (10–)20–60(–120+) cm. |
Leaves | sessile or petioles (± winged) 5–15(–35+) mm; blades ± elliptic to lanceolate, (20–)40–100(–200+) × 10–30(–70) mm, sometimes laciniately 1-pinnatisect with 1–4+ lobes near bases, bases cuneate, margins entire or dentate to serrate, usually ciliate, apices attenuate, faces glabrous or hirtellous. |
(sometimes in 3s or 4s) sessile; blades obovate or elliptic to lanceolate or linear, (20–)50–100(–160+) × (5–)10–25(–40+) mm, bases cuneate to rounded, margins usually coarsely dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous. |
Peduncles | 10–35(–80) mm. |
(10–)20–60 mm. |
Involucres | campanulate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)6–12 × (3–)6–9(–15+) mm. |
turbinate to hemispheric or broader, (4–)6–8(–10+) × 8–12+ mm. |
Ray florets | usually 0, sometimes 1–5+; laminae yellowish, 4–8 mm. |
usually 7–8, rarely 0; laminae orange-yellow, (10–)15–25(–30) mm. |
Disc florets | (5–)20–40(–60+); corollas pale yellow to orange, 2–3 mm (± abruptly ampliate, anthers usually dark, blackish). |
(25–)60–100(–150+); corollas yellow to orange-yellow, 3–6.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | (6–)8(–9), elliptic to oblong or ovate, (4–)5–6(–12) mm. |
8–12, ovate or obovate to lance-oblong, (4–)6–8(–10+) mm (tips often orange to purplish, as are tips of paleae). |
Calyculi | of 2–6+ spreading or ascending, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, oblong, or spatulate, ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 10–25(–35+) mm, margins (entire or serrate) usually ciliate, abaxial faces hispidulous near bases, distally glabrous. |
of 5–7(–9+) erect or spreading to reflexed, oblanceolate or lanceolate to linear, often foliaceous bractlets or bracts (6–)10–12(–20+) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or bases hispidulous. |
Heads | borne singly or in 2s or 3s. |
(erect at flowering, sometimes nodding in fruit) borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | blackish to purplish or brown, usually (at least inner) ± 4-angled, usually cuneate to linear, sometimes ± obpyramidal, outer (3–)4–7 mm, inner (4–)5–8 mm, margins proximally antrorsely to patently, distally retrorsely, barbed, apices ± truncate to concave, faces usually strongly 1-nerved, usually tuberculate, glabrous or setulose; pappi 0, or of (1–)2–4(–6), ± erect to spreading, antrorsely or retrorsely barbed awns (0.2–)2–5 mm. |
blackish, red-brown, or stramineous, obcompressed, flattened or unequally 3–4-angled, ± cuneate, outer 6–8 mm, inner 8–10 mm, margins retrorsely ciliate or barbed, apices ± truncate to convex, faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate, glabrous; pappi of 2–4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 3–5 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
= 22, 24. |
Bidens connata |
Bidens laevis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | Flowering Aug–Oct(–Dec). |
Habitat | Marshes and other wet sites | Meadows, marshes, and margins of pools, streams, estuaries |
Elevation | 10–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in Pacific Islands, Australia]
|
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
|
Discussion | Bidens connata may be better treated as part of B. tripartita. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bidens laevis and B. cernua are similar in gross appearance; specimens of one are sometimes misidentified as the other. Perhaps they represent extremes of a single species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 217. | FNA vol. 21, p. 215. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. connata var. ambiversa, B. connata var. anomala, B. connata var. fallax, B. connata var. gracilipes, B. connata var. inundata, B. connata var. petiolata, B. connata var. pinnata, B. connata var. submutica | Helianthus laevis, B. chrysanthemoides, B. helianthoides, B. nashii, B. quadriaristata |
Name authority | Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1718. (1803) | (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 29. (1888) |
Web links |
|