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Spanish needles, Spanish needles beggar-ticks

Vancouver Island beggar-ticks

Habit Annuals, (15–)30–100(–150+) cm. Annuals, (30–)50–120 cm.
Leaves

petioles 20–50 mm;

blades rounded-deltate to ovate or lanceolate overall, (20–)30–70+ × (20–)30–60+ mm, (1–)2(–3)-pinnatisect, ultimate lobes obovate or lanceolate, 15–45+ × 10–25+ mm, bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins entire, sometimes ciliolate, apices rounded to acute or attenuate, faces usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous.

sessile or petioles 10–50 mm (winged);

blades lance-elliptic to lance-oblong, 80–120(–250) × 30–100 mm (proximal usually with 1–2 lobes near bases), bases cuneate, margins laciniate to serrate, ciliate, apices acuminate, faces glabrous.

Peduncles

(10–)20–50(–100) mm.

(10–)30–70+ mm.

Involucres

± campanulate, 5–7 × 3–4(–5) mm.

± hemispheric or broader, 6–10 × 18–25 mm.

Ray florets

0 or 3–5+;

laminae yellowish or whitish, 1–2(–3) mm.

6–11;

laminae yellow, 4–8 mm.

Disc florets

10–20(–30+);

corollas yellowish to whitish, 2–3 mm.

50–100+;

corollas yellow, 2.5–3.5 mm.

Phyllaries

8–12, lanceolate to linear, 4–6 mm.

13–16+, oblong to lance-ovate, 6–10 mm.

Calyculi

of (7–)8(–10) linear bractlets 3–5 mm, ± appressed, margins ciliate, abaxial faces usually glabrous.

of 8–10 usually spreading, lance-linear to lanceolate, sometimes ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 10–20(–75) mm, margins entire or incised, ciliate, abaxial faces ± hispid at bases.

Heads

usually borne singly, sometimes in ± corymbiform arrays.

in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

red-brown, outer weakly obcompressed, 7–15 mm, inner ± 4-angled, linear to linear-fusiform, 12–18 mm, margins not ciliate, apices ± attenuate, faces 2-grooved, often tuberculate-hispidulous;

pappi of (2–)3–4, erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns 2–4 mm.

olivaceous green, ± flattened, unequally 3–4-angled, cuneate, outer 5–6 mm, inner 6–7 mm, margins antrorsely to retrorsely barbed, apices truncate to concave, faces weakly striate, glabrous or sparsely puberulent;

pappi 0, or of (1–)3(–4) suberect, retrorsely barbed awns 2–4 mm.

2n

= 24, 72.

Bidens bipinnata

Bidens amplissima

Phenology Flowering (Jun–)Aug–Sep(–Oct). Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Fields, forests, disturbed, wettish sites Seasonal wetlands, borders of ponds, lakes, streams, estuaries
Elevation 10–1800 m (0–5900 ft) 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CT; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; NB; ON; South America; Europe; Asia; Pacific Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bidens bipinnata is probably native in eastern Asia and introduced in South America, Europe, Asia, and Pacific Islands.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

For decades, Bidens amplissima was known only from Vancouver Island; it is now known from southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington (F. R. Ganders et al. 2003). Occurrences in southern Manitoba and northwestern Nebraska may represent ephemeral introductions. The restricted natural range of B. amplissima has stimulated interest in it, the addition of it to rare plant lists, and the consideration of need for protected sites where it grows.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 210. FNA vol. 21, p. 216.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Coreopsidinae > Bidens
Sibling taxa
B. amplissima, B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
B. aristosa, B. aurea, B. beckii, B. bidentoides, B. bigelovii, B. bipinnata, B. cernua, B. connata, B. discoidea, B. eatonii, B. frondosa, B. heterodoxa, B. heterosperma, B. hyperborea, B. laevis, B. lemmonii, B. leptocephala, B. mitis, B. pilosa, B. polylepis, B. tenuisecta, B. trichosperma, B. tripartita, B. vulgata
Synonyms B. bipinnata var. biternatoides B. cernua var. elata, B. elata
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 832. (1753) Greene: Pittonia 4: 268. (1901)
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