Flora of North America species comparison

thin, close or exfoliating in thin sheets, becoming thicker and frequently furrowed or broken in age;

lenticels often present, prominent, sometimes becoming greatly expanded horizontally.;

bark and wood strongly tanniferous.

without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to moderately pubescent, with scattered small resinous glands, especially near nodes.

blade elliptic, obovate, or nearly orbiculate (to sometimes reniform) with 2–6 pairs of lateral veins, 2.5–5(–7) × 1–5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins crenate to dentate, apex usually broadly acute or obtuse to rounded;

surfaces abaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent to heavily velutinous or tomentose, often with scattered resinous glands.

3-ranked, occasionally nearly 2-ranked.

perianth of 4(–6) sepals, well defined, minute, membranaceous.

2–3 per scale, scales arranged in conelike catkins;

perianth not obvious;

ovules with 1 integument.

erect, cylindric, 0.8–1.5(–2) × 0.8–1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall;

scales glabrous to pubescent, lobes diverging slightly distal to middle, central lobe narrow, elongate, lateral lobes shorter and broader, extended.

1–4 cm, conelike, composed of many scales;

scales either persistent or deciduous with fruits, crowded, small, woody or leathery.

tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, membranous, sometimes reduced to ridges;

pericarp thin, leathery.

with wings slightly narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically.

and branches terete.

twigs and buds often covered with small to large, resinous glands;

pith triangular in cross section.

= 56.