Flora of North America species comparison

of mature trunks and branches light grayish brown to dark brown or nearly black, smooth, close, furrowed and broken into shallow scales with age.

with taste and odor of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, usually covered with small resinous glands.

without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to sparsely or moderately pubescent, with or without heavy resinous coating, sometimes covered with warty resinous glands.

blade ovate to oblong-ovate with 12–18 pairs of lateral veins, 5–10 × 3–6 cm, base rounded to cordate, margins finely and sharply serrate or obscurely doubly serrate, teeth fine, sharp, apex acuminate;

surfaces abaxially mostly glabrous, except sparsely pubescent along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands.

blade broadly orbiculate or obovate-orbiculate to reniform, with 2–6 pairs of lateral veins, often broader than long, base rounded to nearly cordate, margins deeply crenate, apex rounded;

surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely or moderately pubescent.

erect, ovoid to nearly globose, 1.5–4 × 1.5–2.5 cm, usually remaining intact for a period after release of fruits in fall;

scales mostly glabrous, lobes diverging at or proximal to middle, central lobe short, cuneate, lateral lobes extended to slightly ascending, longer and broader than central lobe.

erect, nearly cylindric, shattering with fruits in fall.

with wings narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically.

with wings much narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically.

and pistillate catkins produced season before flowering but retained in buds during winter, expanding along with new growth in spring.

= 28.