Beta vulgaris
Beta
beet, chard, common beet, garden beet, sea beet, sugar beet
beet, chard
fibrous or fleshy.
erect or procumbent, not jointed, not armed, not fleshy.
petiole 1/2–2/3 or equaling blade length;
blade dark red to green, usually with pronounced midrib, somewhat fleshy.
alternate, petiolate or sessile;
blade ovate-cordate to rhombic-cuneate, margins ± entire, apex obtuse.
cymes, 1–8-flowered, interrupted towards base.
spikelike cymes or glomerules, ebracteate at least in distal 1/2.
bisexual, bracteate;
perianth segments 3–5, distinct, sometimes petaloid, rounded or keeled abaxially, wings and spines absent;
stamens 5;
ovary semi-inferior;
stigmas usually 2–3(–5), connate basally.
urn-shaped;
segments 3–5 × 2–3 mm;
receptacle pelviform.
5–11 per cluster, 3–5 mm.
1.5–2 mm.
horizontal, orbicular or reniform;
seed coat dark brown, smooth;
embryo ± annular, perisperm copious.
structures achenes, connate with receptacle, often enclosed by swollen perianth.
= 9.
Beta vulgaris
Beta
Subspecies ca. 3 (2 in the flora).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species ca. 6 (1 in the flora).
Beta is widely distributed and is known especially for the economically important Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, the commonly cultivated beet. The forms of the beets introduced in North America and established in the wild occupy both inland and maritime habitats.
The taxonomy of the genus is complicated by a long history of cultivation in which selective breeding has caused a bewildering array of diverse morphologies. In looking at the differences between the two forms of Beta that occasionally become established in waste places in North America, it is tempting to segregate the clearly distinct forms as different species. However, a number of researchers documenting the variation within the complex (B. V. Ford-Lloyd and J. T. Williams 1975; H. Van Kijk and B. Desplanque 1999) agree that the range of variation stretches along a continuum between the two extreme types defined by the maritima and vulgaris groups. The morphological lineage assigned here to subsp. maritima is usually considered ancestral to the cultivated forms of beet included within subsp. vulgaris.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Basal leaves usually longer than 10 cm; stems erect; cymes 2-8-flowered; roots swollen, fleshy | subsp. vulgaris |
1. Basal leaves shorter than 10 cm; stems procumbent to erect; cymes 1-3-flowered; roots fibrous to ± swollen, not fleshy | subsp. maritima |
BC
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