Berteroa incana |
Berteroa |
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hoary alyssum, hoary false alyssum |
berteroa, false madwort, hoary-alyssum |
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Habit | Plants densely pubescent, trichomes appressed, stellate mixed with simple ones. | Annuals or biennials [perennials]; not scapose; pubescent, trichomes stellate, mixed with simple ones. |
Stems | simple or few from base, (2–)3–8(–11) dm. |
erect [ascending], usually branched distally. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal not rosulate, petiolate, blade margins entire or repand [dentate, sinuate]; cauline (middle and distal) sessile. |
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Basal leaves | (withered by flowering): blade oblanceolate, (2.5–)3.5–8(–10) cm, base cuneate or attenuate, apex obtuse. |
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Cauline leaves | blade apex acute or obtuse. |
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Racemes | (corymbose, several-flowered, dense), considerably elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals 2–2.5 mm; petals narrowly obcordate, (4–)5–6.5(–8) mm (lobes oblong, (1–)1.5–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm); filaments white, median pair 2–3.3 mm, lateral pair 0.3–1 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm. |
sepals erect-ascending [suberect, spreading], oblong, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely yellow, obcordate, apex deeply 2-fid; stamens tetradynamous; filaments: median pair flattened basally, unappendaged, [laterally 1-toothed], lateral pair with basal toothlike appendage; anthers oblong, (apex obtuse); nectar glands (4), lateral, 1 on each side of lateral stamen. |
Fruiting pedicels | appressed to rachis, (4–)5–9(–12) mm. |
erect or divaricate, slender. |
Fruits | (4–)5–8.5(–10) × (2–)2.5–4 mm; valves obtuse at both ends, trichomes sometimes with unequal rays; style 1–4 mm, sparsely pubescent basally. |
sessile, oblong, or elliptic [ovate, obovate, or orbicular], smooth, slightly inflated [or not inflated], latiseptate; valves each not veined or with obscure midvein, stellate-hairy [glabrous]; replum rounded; septum complete, (membranous); ovules 4–16 per ovary; stigma capitate, obscurely 2-lobed. |
Seeds | slightly flattened, narrowly margined, 1–2.3 mm diam. 2n = 16. |
biseriate, flattened [plump], margined [winged or not], lenticular or ovoid-lenticular [suborbicular]; seed coat (minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. |
x | = 8. |
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Berteroa incana |
Berteroa |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | |
Habitat | Flood plains, meadows, waste places, railroad embankments, woodlands, grasslands, roadsides, fields, stream banks, pastures, hillsides, forest floor | |
Elevation | 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; MB; NB; ON; QC; SK; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Species 5 (1 in the flora). Berteroa mutabilis (Ventenat) de Candolle, native to northeastern Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, and northern Turkey, is known in North America only from a handful of collections almost all made more than a century ago as garden escapes in Kansas and Massachusetts. Although it was included by R. C. Rollins (1993), who indicated that it had not been collected for 60 years, the species apparently did not become naturalized in North America and, therefore, is not included here. From B. incana, B. mutabilis is easily distinguished by having winged instead of margined seeds, and flat and glabrous versus inflated and pubescent fruits. As indicated by I. A. Al-Shehbaz (1987), the record of B. obliqua (Smith) de Candolle from the Catskill region, New York, was based on misidentified plants of B. incana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 253. | FNA vol. 7, p. 252. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Alysseae > Berteroa | Brassicaceae > tribe Alysseae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Alyssum incanum | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 291. (1821) | de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 232: 290. (1821) |
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