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Japanese barberry

Wilcox's barberry, Wilcox's hollygrape

Habit Shrubs, deciduous, 0.3-3 m. Stems dimorphic, with short axillary shoots. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3-2 m. Stems ± monomorphic, seldom with short axillary shoots.
Bark

of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous.

of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous.

Leaves

blade obovate to spatulate, 1-veined from base, (0.5-)1.2-2.4 × 0.3-1(-1.8) cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire, apex rounded or obtuse;

surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, scarcely glaucous.

5-9-foliolate;

petioles 1-5 cm.

Leaflet

blades thick and rigid;

surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially glossy, green;

terminal leaflet stalked, blade 2.6-6.6 × 1.7-4.4 cm, 1-2.5 times as long as wide;

lateral leaflet blades oblong to ovate or elliptic, 1-3-veined from base, base obtuse to rounded or truncate, margins plane to crispate, toothed, each with 3-5 teeth 1-5 mm tipped with spines to 1.2-3.8 × 0.2-0.6 mm, apex acute to rounded.

Spines

present, simple or 3-fid.

absent.

Inflorescences

umbellate, 1-5-flowered, 1-1.5 cm;

bracteoles membranous, apex acute.

racemose, dense, 30-50-flowered, 2-7 cm;

bracteoles membranous, apex rounded or obtuse.

Flowers

anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth.

anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth.

Berries

red, ellipsoid or spheric, (7-)9-10 mm, juicy, solid.

blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 6-11 mm, juicy, solid.

Bud

scales 1-2 mm, deciduous.

scales 2-6 mm, deciduous.

Berberis thunbergii

Berberis wilcoxii

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat Woods, old fields, roadsides Slopes and canyons
Elevation 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) 1500-2500 m (4900-8200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; NB; NS; ON; PE; native; Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; Mexico (Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The U.S. Department of Agriculture lists Berberis thunbergii as resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis, and the species is widely grown as an ornamental in the United States. Preliminary tests carried out by Agriculture Canada, however, suggest that some strains may be susceptible to Puccinia graminis infection, and cultivation of B. thunbergii is illegal in Canada.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Berberis wilcoxii has not been tested for resistance to infection by Puccinia graminis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Berberidaceae > Berberis Berberidaceae > Berberis
Sibling taxa
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. bealei, B. canadensis, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fendleri, B. fremontii, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. repens, B. swaseyi, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris, B. wilcoxii
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. bealei, B. canadensis, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fendleri, B. fremontii, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. repens, B. swaseyi, B. thunbergii, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris
Name authority de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 19. (1821) Kearney: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 14: 29. (1894)
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