Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis wilcoxii |
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Japanese barberry |
Wilcox's barberry, Wilcox's hollygrape |
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Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.3-3 m. Stems dimorphic, with short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3-2 m. Stems ± monomorphic, seldom with short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade obovate to spatulate, 1-veined from base, (0.5-)1.2-2.4 × 0.3-1(-1.8) cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, scarcely glaucous. |
5-9-foliolate; petioles 1-5 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially glossy, green; terminal leaflet stalked, blade 2.6-6.6 × 1.7-4.4 cm, 1-2.5 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades oblong to ovate or elliptic, 1-3-veined from base, base obtuse to rounded or truncate, margins plane to crispate, toothed, each with 3-5 teeth 1-5 mm tipped with spines to 1.2-3.8 × 0.2-0.6 mm, apex acute to rounded. |
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Spines | present, simple or 3-fid. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | umbellate, 1-5-flowered, 1-1.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute. |
racemose, dense, 30-50-flowered, 2-7 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex rounded or obtuse. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | red, ellipsoid or spheric, (7-)9-10 mm, juicy, solid. |
blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 6-11 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 1-2 mm, deciduous. |
scales 2-6 mm, deciduous. |
Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis wilcoxii |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). | Flowering spring (Apr–May). |
Habitat | Woods, old fields, roadsides | Slopes and canyons |
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | 1500-2500 m (4900-8200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; NB; NS; ON; PE; native; Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America]
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AZ; NM; Mexico (Sonora)
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Discussion | The U.S. Department of Agriculture lists Berberis thunbergii as resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis, and the species is widely grown as an ornamental in the United States. Preliminary tests carried out by Agriculture Canada, however, suggest that some strains may be susceptible to Puccinia graminis infection, and cultivation of B. thunbergii is illegal in Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis wilcoxii has not been tested for resistance to infection by Puccinia graminis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 19. (1821) | Kearney: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 14: 29. (1894) |
Web links |
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