Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis swaseyi |
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Japanese barberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.3-3 m. Stems dimorphic, with short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, 1-2 m. Stems ± dimorphic, with elongate primary and short or somewhat elongate axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems purple, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade obovate to spatulate, 1-veined from base, (0.5-)1.2-2.4 × 0.3-1(-1.8) cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, scarcely glaucous. |
5-9-foliolate (basal pair of leaflets sometimes reduced to bristles); petioles 0.1-0.5 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thin or thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, somewhat glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked (sessile in a few leaves), blades 1.8-3.5 × 0.7-1.7 cm, 1.3-4.7 times as long as wide; lateral leaflets oblong to elliptic or lanceolate, 1-veined from base, base truncate to obtuse, rarely acute, margins plane or undulate, toothed, each with 3-8 teeth 0.5-2 mm high tipped with spines to 0.6-1.2 × 0.1-0.2 mm, apex rounded to acuminate. |
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Spines | present, simple or 3-fid. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | umbellate, 1-5-flowered, 1-1.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute. |
racemose, lax, 2-6-flowered, 4-6 cm; bracteoles leathery, apex spinose-acuminate, sometimes with proximal bracteoles as described, distal membranous and acuminate. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | red, ellipsoid or spheric, (7-)9-10 mm, juicy, solid. |
white or red and somewhat glaucous, spheric, 9-16 mm, dry or juicy, hollow. |
Bud | scales 1-2 mm, deciduous. |
scales 1.5-4 mm, deciduous. |
Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis swaseyi |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). | Flowering winter–spring (Feb–Apr). |
Habitat | Woods, old fields, roadsides | Limestone ridges and canyons |
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | 150-600 m (500-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; NB; NS; ON; PE; native; Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America]
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TX |
Discussion | The U.S. Department of Agriculture lists Berberis thunbergii as resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis, and the species is widely grown as an ornamental in the United States. Preliminary tests carried out by Agriculture Canada, however, suggest that some strains may be susceptible to Puccinia graminis infection, and cultivation of B. thunbergii is illegal in Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis swaseyi is endemic to the Edwards Plateau. According to M. C. Johnston (pers. comm.), B. swaseyi and B. trifoliolata hybridize in central Texas. Berberis swaseyi is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mahonia swaseyi | |
Name authority | de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 19. (1821) | Buckley ex M. J. Young: Famil. Lessons Bot., 152. (1873) |
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