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Japanese barberry

creeping barberry, creeping Oregon-grape, prostrate barberry

Habit Shrubs, deciduous, 0.3-3 m. Stems dimorphic, with short axillary shoots. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.02-0.2(-0.6) m. Stems monomorphic, usually without short axillary shoots.
Bark

of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous.

of 2d-year stems grayish or purplish brown, glabrous.

Leaves

blade obovate to spatulate, 1-veined from base, (0.5-)1.2-2.4 × 0.3-1(-1.8) cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire, apex rounded or obtuse;

surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, scarcely glaucous.

(3-)5-7-foliolate;

petioles (1-)3-9 cm.

Leaflet

blades thin and flexible;

surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, rarely glossy, somewhat glaucous;

terminal leaflet stalked, blade 3.2-9.5 × 2.3-6 cm, 1.2-2.2(-2.5) times as long as wide;

lateral leaflets ovate or elliptic, 1(-3)-veined from base, base rounded to obtuse or truncate, margins plane, toothed, with 6-24 teeth 0.5-3 mm tipped with spines to 0.6-2.8 × 0.1-0.25 mm, apex rounded, rarely obtuse or even broadly acute.

Spines

present, simple or 3-fid.

absent.

Inflorescences

umbellate, 1-5-flowered, 1-1.5 cm;

bracteoles membranous, apex acute.

racemose, dense, 25-50-flowered, 3-10 cm;

bracteoles membranous, apex rounded to obtuse or broadly acute.

Flowers

anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth.

Berries

red, ellipsoid or spheric, (7-)9-10 mm, juicy, solid.

blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 6-10 mm, juicy, solid.

Bud

scales 1-2 mm, deciduous.

scales 3-8 mm, deciduous.

Anther

filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth.

2n

= 28.

Berberis thunbergii

Berberis repens

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). Flowering spring (Apr–Jun).
Habitat Woods, old fields, roadsides Open forest, shrubland, and grassland
Elevation 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) 200-3000 m (700-9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; NB; NS; ON; PE; native; Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

The U.S. Department of Agriculture lists Berberis thunbergii as resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis, and the species is widely grown as an ornamental in the United States. Preliminary tests carried out by Agriculture Canada, however, suggest that some strains may be susceptible to Puccinia graminis infection, and cultivation of B. thunbergii is illegal in Canada.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Berberis sonnei was described based on plants with relatively narrow, rather shiny leaflets collected by Sonne in Truckee, California. Subsequent collections from this population show the morphology typical of B. repens; Sonne's collections evidently are an aberrant form of this species.

Berberis repens is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis.

Various Native American tribes used preparations of the roots of Berberis repens to treat stomach troubles, to prevent bloody dysentary, and as a blood purifier; mixed with whiskey, it was used for bladder problems, venereal diseases, general aches, and kidney problems; and preparations made from the entire plant served as a cure-all and as a lotion for scorpion bites (D. E. Moermann 1986).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Berberidaceae > Berberis Berberidaceae > Berberis
Sibling taxa
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. bealei, B. canadensis, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fendleri, B. fremontii, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. repens, B. swaseyi, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris, B. wilcoxii
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. bealei, B. canadensis, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fendleri, B. fremontii, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. swaseyi, B. thunbergii, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris, B. wilcoxii
Synonyms B. aquifolium var. repens, B. sonnei, Mahonia repens, Mahonia sonnei
Name authority de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 19. (1821) Lindley: Bot. Reg., plate 1176. (1828)
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