Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis repens |
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Japanese barberry |
creeping barberry, creeping Oregon-grape, prostrate barberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.3-3 m. Stems dimorphic, with short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, 0.02-0.2(-0.6) m. Stems monomorphic, usually without short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems grayish or purplish brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade obovate to spatulate, 1-veined from base, (0.5-)1.2-2.4 × 0.3-1(-1.8) cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, scarcely glaucous. |
(3-)5-7-foliolate; petioles (1-)3-9 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thin and flexible; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, rarely glossy, somewhat glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked, blade 3.2-9.5 × 2.3-6 cm, 1.2-2.2(-2.5) times as long as wide; lateral leaflets ovate or elliptic, 1(-3)-veined from base, base rounded to obtuse or truncate, margins plane, toothed, with 6-24 teeth 0.5-3 mm tipped with spines to 0.6-2.8 × 0.1-0.25 mm, apex rounded, rarely obtuse or even broadly acute. |
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Spines | present, simple or 3-fid. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | umbellate, 1-5-flowered, 1-1.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute. |
racemose, dense, 25-50-flowered, 3-10 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex rounded to obtuse or broadly acute. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
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Berries | red, ellipsoid or spheric, (7-)9-10 mm, juicy, solid. |
blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 6-10 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 1-2 mm, deciduous. |
scales 3-8 mm, deciduous. |
Anther | filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis repens |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). |
Habitat | Woods, old fields, roadsides | Open forest, shrubland, and grassland |
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | 200-3000 m (700-9800 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; NB; NS; ON; PE; native; Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America]
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | The U.S. Department of Agriculture lists Berberis thunbergii as resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis, and the species is widely grown as an ornamental in the United States. Preliminary tests carried out by Agriculture Canada, however, suggest that some strains may be susceptible to Puccinia graminis infection, and cultivation of B. thunbergii is illegal in Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis sonnei was described based on plants with relatively narrow, rather shiny leaflets collected by Sonne in Truckee, California. Subsequent collections from this population show the morphology typical of B. repens; Sonne's collections evidently are an aberrant form of this species. Berberis repens is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis. Various Native American tribes used preparations of the roots of Berberis repens to treat stomach troubles, to prevent bloody dysentary, and as a blood purifier; mixed with whiskey, it was used for bladder problems, venereal diseases, general aches, and kidney problems; and preparations made from the entire plant served as a cure-all and as a lotion for scorpion bites (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. aquifolium var. repens, B. sonnei, Mahonia repens, Mahonia sonnei | |
Name authority | de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 19. (1821) | Lindley: Bot. Reg., plate 1176. (1828) |
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