Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis fremontii |
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Japanese barberry |
Fremont barberry, Fremont's barberry, Fremont's mahonia |
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Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.3-3 m. Stems dimorphic, with short axillary shoots. | Shrubs evergreen, 1-4.5 m. Stems ± dimorphic, with elongate primary and short or somewhat elongate axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems light brown or grayish purple, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade obovate to spatulate, 1-veined from base, (0.5-)1.2-2.4 × 0.3-1(-1.8) cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, scarcely glaucous. |
5-9(-11)-foliolate; petioles 0.2-0.8(-3) cm. |
Leaflet | blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked in most or all leaves, blade 1-2.6(-4) × 0.7-1.8(-2.5) cm, 1-2.5 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades elliptic to ovate or orbiculate, 1-3-veined from base, base obtuse or truncate, margins strongly crispate, toothed or lobed, with 2-5 teeth 2-6 mm high tipped with spines to 0.8-2.2 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex obtuse to acuminate. |
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Spines | present, simple or 3-fid. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | umbellate, 1-5-flowered, 1-1.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute. |
racemose, lax, 3-6-flowered, 2.5-6.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | red, ellipsoid or spheric, (7-)9-10 mm, juicy, solid. |
yellow or red to brown, ± glaucous, spheric, 12-18 mm, dry, inflated. |
Bud | scales 1-2 mm, deciduous. |
scales 2-4 mm, deciduous. |
Berberis thunbergii |
Berberis fremontii |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). |
Habitat | Woods, old fields, roadsides | Slopes and flats in desert grassland and pinyon-juniper woodland |
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | 1100-2400(-3400) m (3600-7900(-11200) ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; NB; NS; ON; PE; native; Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America]
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
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Discussion | The U.S. Department of Agriculture lists Berberis thunbergii as resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis, and the species is widely grown as an ornamental in the United States. Preliminary tests carried out by Agriculture Canada, however, suggest that some strains may be susceptible to Puccinia graminis infection, and cultivation of B. thunbergii is illegal in Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis fremontii is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Apache Indians used Berberis fremontii for ceremonial purposes; the Hopi used it medicinally to heal gums (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mahonia fremontii | |
Name authority | de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 19. (1821) | Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 30. (1859) |
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