Berberis pinnata |
Berberis canadensis |
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California barberry, California Oregon-grape, shiny leaf mahonia |
Allegheny barberry, American barberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3-1.6(-7) m. Stems usually monomorphic, seldom with short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.4-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with long primary shoots and short axillary shoots. | ||||
Bark | of 2d-year stems grayish brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
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Leaves | (3-)5-13-foliolate; petioles 0.5-4.5(-7.5) cm. |
blade oblanceolate or sometimes narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.8-7.5 × 0.8-3.3 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.2-1.2 × 0.1-0.15 mm, apex rounded or rounded-obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous. |
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Leaflet | blades thin and ± rigid or flexible; surfaces abaxially glossy, smooth, adaxially glossy, green; terminal leaflet stalked, blade 2.6-6.2 × 2-4.5 cm, 1.3-1.9 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades elliptic to ovate or broadly lanceolate, 1(-3)-veined from base, base broadly obtuse, truncate, or weakly cordate, margins plane to crispate, toothed, each with 5-22 teeth 0-2 mm tipped with spines to 1-3 × 0.1-0.3 mm, apex acute to rounded-obtuse. |
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Spines | absent. |
present, simple or 3(-7)-fid. |
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Inflorescences | racemose, dense, 25-50-flowered, 2-9 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex rounded to broadly acute, sometimes apiculate. |
racemose, lax, 3-12-flowered, 2-5.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
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Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
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Berries | blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid to subspheric, 6-7 mm, juicy, solid. |
red, oblong-ellipsoid, 10 mm, juicy, solid. |
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Bud | scales 3-7 mm, deciduous. |
scales 1-1.5 mm, deciduous. |
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Anther | filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Berberis pinnata |
Berberis canadensis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | |||||
Habitat | In woods or glades, on rocky slopes and near rivers | |||||
Elevation | 100-700 m (300-2300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MO; NC; PA; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Berberis pinnata is very similar to B. aquifolium, and the two are sometimes difficult to separate. Some authors have used the spacing of the lateral leaflets (said to be contiguous or imbricate in B. pinnata and remote in B. aquifolium) to separate them, but the leaflets are often remote in both species and may be contiguous in B. aquifolium. Berberis pinnata is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis canadensis is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Cherokee Indians used scraped bark of Berberis canadensis in infusions to treat diarrhea (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Mahonia pinnata | |||||
Name authority | Lagasca: Elench. Pl., 14. (1816) | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Berberis no. 2. (1768) | ||||
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