Berberis nervosa |
Berberis vulgaris |
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Cascade Oregon-grape, dull Oregon-grape, dwarf Oregon-grape, Oregon grape |
berbéris vulgaire, common barberry, common berberis, European barberry, jaundice berry, piprage, épine-vinette |
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Habit | Shrubs, evergreen, 0.1-0.8(-2) m. | Shrubs, deciduous, 1-3 m. |
Stems | monomorphic, without short axillary shoots. |
dimorphic, with elongate primary and short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems brown or yellow-brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems gray, glabrous. |
Leaves | 9-21-foliolate; petioles 2-11 cm. |
blade obovate to oblanceolate or almost elliptic, 1-veined from base, 2-6(-8) × 0.9-2.8 cm, thin and flexible, base short- to long-attenuate, margins plane, finely serrate, each with (8-)16-30 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with spines or bristles to 0.6-1.4 × 0.1 mm, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous. |
Leaflet | blades thin and ± flexible; surfaces abaxially rather dull, smooth, adaxially dull, somewhat glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked, blade 2.9-8.4 × 1.2-4.8 cm, 1.8-3.2 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades lance-ovate to ovate, 4-6-veined from base, base rounded to cordate, margins plane, toothed, each with 6-13 teeth 1-2(-3) mm tipped with spines to 1-2.4 × 0.1-0.2 mm, apex acute or broadly acuminate. |
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Spines | absent. |
present, simple or 3-fid. |
Inflorescences | racemose, dense, 30-70-flowered, 6-17 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded. |
racemose, lax, 10-20-flowered, 2-6 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid or globose, 8-11 mm, juicy, solid. |
red or purple, ellipsoid, 10-11 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales (13-)20-44 mm, persistent. |
scales 2-3 mm, deciduous. |
2n | = 56. |
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Berberis nervosa |
Berberis vulgaris |
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Phenology | Flowering winter–spring (Mar–Jun). | Flowering spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Open or shaded woods, often in rocky areas | Roadsides, woods, old fields |
Elevation | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; native; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Plants of Berberis nervosa are usually very low (commonly 0.1-0.3 m), but occasional plants may be considerably taller (to 2 m). One such population from north of Westport, California, has been separated as B. nervosa var. mendocinensis. Similar populations occur sporadically throughout the range of B. nervosa, so the form should not be recognized taxonomically. Berberis nervosa is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Skagit tribe used Berberis nervosa medicinally in a root preparation to treat venereal disease (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Berberis vulgaris was very commonly cultivated in North America for thorn hedges and as a source of jam and yellow dye. It frequently escaped from cultivation and became naturalized over a wide area of eastern North America. It is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. As the most important alternate host of this fungus, it has been the subject of vigorous eradication programs, and it is now infrequent or absent in many areas where it was once frequent (A. P. Roelfs 1982). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. nervosa var. mendocinensis, Mahonia nervosa, Mahonia nervosa var. mendocinensis | |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept., 219. (1814) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 330. (1753) |
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