Berberis fremontii |
Berberis nervosa |
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Fremont barberry, Fremont's barberry, Fremont's mahonia |
Cascade Oregon-grape, dull Oregon-grape, dwarf Oregon-grape, Oregon grape |
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Habit | Shrubs evergreen, 1-4.5 m. Stems ± dimorphic, with elongate primary and short or somewhat elongate axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, 0.1-0.8(-2) m. Stems monomorphic, without short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems light brown or grayish purple, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems brown or yellow-brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | 5-9(-11)-foliolate; petioles 0.2-0.8(-3) cm. |
9-21-foliolate; petioles 2-11 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked in most or all leaves, blade 1-2.6(-4) × 0.7-1.8(-2.5) cm, 1-2.5 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades elliptic to ovate or orbiculate, 1-3-veined from base, base obtuse or truncate, margins strongly crispate, toothed or lobed, with 2-5 teeth 2-6 mm high tipped with spines to 0.8-2.2 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex obtuse to acuminate. |
blades thin and ± flexible; surfaces abaxially rather dull, smooth, adaxially dull, somewhat glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked, blade 2.9-8.4 × 1.2-4.8 cm, 1.8-3.2 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades lance-ovate to ovate, 4-6-veined from base, base rounded to cordate, margins plane, toothed, each with 6-13 teeth 1-2(-3) mm tipped with spines to 1-2.4 × 0.1-0.2 mm, apex acute or broadly acuminate. |
Spines | absent. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | racemose, lax, 3-6-flowered, 2.5-6.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
racemose, dense, 30-70-flowered, 6-17 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded. |
Flowers | anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | yellow or red to brown, ± glaucous, spheric, 12-18 mm, dry, inflated. |
blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid or globose, 8-11 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 2-4 mm, deciduous. |
scales (13-)20-44 mm, persistent. |
2n | = 56. |
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Berberis fremontii |
Berberis nervosa |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). | Flowering winter–spring (Mar–Jun). |
Habitat | Slopes and flats in desert grassland and pinyon-juniper woodland | Open or shaded woods, often in rocky areas |
Elevation | 1100-2400(-3400) m (3600-7900(-11200) ft) | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
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CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Berberis fremontii is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Apache Indians used Berberis fremontii for ceremonial purposes; the Hopi used it medicinally to heal gums (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plants of Berberis nervosa are usually very low (commonly 0.1-0.3 m), but occasional plants may be considerably taller (to 2 m). One such population from north of Westport, California, has been separated as B. nervosa var. mendocinensis. Similar populations occur sporadically throughout the range of B. nervosa, so the form should not be recognized taxonomically. Berberis nervosa is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Skagit tribe used Berberis nervosa medicinally in a root preparation to treat venereal disease (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mahonia fremontii | B. nervosa var. mendocinensis, Mahonia nervosa, Mahonia nervosa var. mendocinensis |
Name authority | Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 30. (1859) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept., 219. (1814) |
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