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Fremont barberry, Fremont's barberry, Fremont's mahonia

Colorado barberry

Habit Shrubs evergreen, 1-4.5 m. Stems ± dimorphic, with elongate primary and short or somewhat elongate axillary shoots. Shrubs, deciduous, 1-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with elongate primary and short axillary shoots.
Bark

of 2d-year stems light brown or grayish purple, glabrous.

of 2d-year stems purple, glabrous.

Leaves

5-9(-11)-foliolate;

petioles 0.2-0.8(-3) cm.

blade narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.7-4.6 × 0.6-1.7 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire or toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.4-1.4 × 0.1-0.2 mm, apex acute to obtuse or rounded;

surfaces abaxially dull or glossy and smooth, adaxially dull or glossy and not glaucous.

Leaflet

blades thick and rigid;

surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, glaucous;

terminal leaflet stalked in most or all leaves, blade 1-2.6(-4) × 0.7-1.8(-2.5) cm, 1-2.5 times as long as wide;

lateral leaflet blades elliptic to ovate or orbiculate, 1-3-veined from base, base obtuse or truncate, margins strongly crispate, toothed or lobed, with 2-5 teeth 2-6 mm high tipped with spines to 0.8-2.2 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex obtuse to acuminate.

Spines

absent.

present, simple or 1-2-pinnately branched.

Inflorescences

racemose, lax, 3-6-flowered, 2.5-6.5 cm;

bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate.

racemose, lax, 4-15-flowered, 1.5-4.5 cm;

bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate.

Flowers

anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth.

anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth.

Berries

yellow or red to brown, ± glaucous, spheric, 12-18 mm, dry, inflated.

red, not glaucous, oblong-ellipsoid, 6-8 mm, juicy, solid.

Bud

scales 2-4 mm, deciduous.

scales 1-2 mm, deciduous.

Berberis fremontii

Berberis fendleri

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). Flowering spring–summer (May–Aug).
Habitat Slopes and flats in desert grassland and pinyon-juniper woodland Slopes and canyon bottoms
Elevation 1100-2400(-3400) m (3600-7900(-11200) ft) 1300-2700 m (4300-8900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CO; NM; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Berberis fremontii is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis.

The Apache Indians used Berberis fremontii for ceremonial purposes; the Hopi used it medicinally to heal gums (D. E. Moermann 1986).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Berberis fendleri is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Berberidaceae > Berberis Berberidaceae > Berberis
Sibling taxa
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. bealei, B. canadensis, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fendleri, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. repens, B. swaseyi, B. thunbergii, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris, B. wilcoxii
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. bealei, B. canadensis, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fremontii, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. repens, B. swaseyi, B. thunbergii, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris, B. wilcoxii
Synonyms Mahonia fremontii
Name authority Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 30. (1859) A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, ser. 2, 4: 5. (1849)
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