Berberis fremontii |
Berberis dictyota |
|
---|---|---|
Fremont barberry, Fremont's barberry, Fremont's mahonia |
shining netvein barberry |
|
Habit | Shrubs evergreen, 1-4.5 m. Stems ± dimorphic, with elongate primary and short or somewhat elongate axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, (0.3-)0.5-2 m. Stems usually monomorphic, seldom with short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems light brown or grayish purple, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems brown or purple, glabrous. |
Leaves | 5-9(-11)-foliolate; petioles 0.2-0.8(-3) cm. |
5-7-foliolate; petioles 0.5-3 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked in most or all leaves, blade 1-2.6(-4) × 0.7-1.8(-2.5) cm, 1-2.5 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades elliptic to ovate or orbiculate, 1-3-veined from base, base obtuse or truncate, margins strongly crispate, toothed or lobed, with 2-5 teeth 2-6 mm high tipped with spines to 0.8-2.2 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex obtuse to acuminate. |
blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked, rarely sessile in a few leaves, blades 2.2-8.8 × 1.8-6 cm, 1.2-2 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades elliptic to oblong or oblong-ovate, 1-3-veined from base, base obtuse or truncate, margins strongly crispate, toothed, each with 3-8 teeth 2-8 mm tipped with spines to 2-4.8 × 0.4-0.6 mm, apex rounded or obtuse. |
Spines | absent. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | racemose, lax, 3-6-flowered, 2.5-6.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
racemose, dense, 25-50-flowered, 3-7 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex rounded or obtuse. |
Flowers | anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | yellow or red to brown, ± glaucous, spheric, 12-18 mm, dry, inflated. |
dark blue, at least sometimes glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 6-7 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 2-4 mm, deciduous. |
scales 3-5 mm, deciduous. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Berberis fremontii |
Berberis dictyota |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). | Flowering winter–spring (Mar–Apr). |
Habitat | Slopes and flats in desert grassland and pinyon-juniper woodland | Dry rocky places in chaparral and open woodland |
Elevation | 1100-2400(-3400) m (3600-7900(-11200) ft) | 600-1800 m (2000-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
|
CA
|
Discussion | Berberis fremontii is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Apache Indians used Berberis fremontii for ceremonial purposes; the Hopi used it medicinally to heal gums (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis dictyota, B. amplectens, B. pumila, and B. wilcoxii are very similar, and the characters that separate them (height, glossiness and crispation of leaflets, and size and number of marginal teeth) are rather variable within the species. Berberis piperiana also belongs to this group, although it is usually more distinct because of its thinner leaflets with more slender, more numerous marginal spines. Berberis dictyota is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis. Medicinally, the Kawaiisu used a decoction of the root of Berberis dictyota to treat gonorrhea (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mahonia fremontii | B. aquifolium var. dictyota, B. californica, Mahonia dictyota |
Name authority | Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 30. (1859) | Jepson: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 319. (1891) |
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