Berberis fendleri |
Berberis vulgaris |
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Colorado barberry |
berbéris vulgaire, common barberry, common berberis, European barberry, jaundice berry, piprage, épine-vinette |
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Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 1-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with elongate primary and short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, deciduous, 1-3 m. Stems dimorphic, with elongate primary and short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems gray, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.7-4.6 × 0.6-1.7 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, entire or toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.4-1.4 × 0.1-0.2 mm, apex acute to obtuse or rounded; surfaces abaxially dull or glossy and smooth, adaxially dull or glossy and not glaucous. |
blade obovate to oblanceolate or almost elliptic, 1-veined from base, 2-6(-8) × 0.9-2.8 cm, thin and flexible, base short- to long-attenuate, margins plane, finely serrate, each with (8-)16-30 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with spines or bristles to 0.6-1.4 × 0.1 mm, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous. |
Spines | present, simple or 1-2-pinnately branched. |
present, simple or 3-fid. |
Inflorescences | racemose, lax, 4-15-flowered, 1.5-4.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
racemose, lax, 10-20-flowered, 2-6 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acute. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | red, not glaucous, oblong-ellipsoid, 6-8 mm, juicy, solid. |
red or purple, ellipsoid, 10-11 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 1-2 mm, deciduous. |
scales 2-3 mm, deciduous. |
Berberis fendleri |
Berberis vulgaris |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer (May–Aug). | Flowering spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Slopes and canyon bottoms | Roadsides, woods, old fields |
Elevation | 1300-2700 m (4300-8900 ft) | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
CO; NM; UT
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CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; native; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Berberis fendleri is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Berberis vulgaris was very commonly cultivated in North America for thorn hedges and as a source of jam and yellow dye. It frequently escaped from cultivation and became naturalized over a wide area of eastern North America. It is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. As the most important alternate host of this fungus, it has been the subject of vigorous eradication programs, and it is now infrequent or absent in many areas where it was once frequent (A. P. Roelfs 1982). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, ser. 2, 4: 5. (1849) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 330. (1753) |
Web links |
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