Berberis canadensis |
Berberis trifoliolata |
|
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Allegheny barberry, American barberry |
agarito, agritos, algerita, currant-of-Texas |
|
Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.4-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with long primary shoots and short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, 1-3.5 m. Stems ± dimorphic, with elongate primary and short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems gray or grayish purple, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade oblanceolate or sometimes narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.8-7.5 × 0.8-3.3 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.2-1.2 × 0.1-0.15 mm, apex rounded or rounded-obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous. |
3-foliolate; petioles 0.8-5.4 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, ± glaucous; terminal leaflet sessile, blade 2.3-5.8 × 0.9-2 cm, 1.6-3.1 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, base acute or acuminate, rarely rounded-acute, margins plane, toothed or lobed, with 1-3 teeth or lobes 3-7 mm high tipped with spines to 1-2 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex narrowly acute or acuminate. |
|
Spines | present, simple or 3(-7)-fid. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | racemose, lax, 3-12-flowered, 2-5.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
racemose, lax, 1-8-flowered, 0.5-3 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | red, oblong-ellipsoid, 10 mm, juicy, solid. |
red, sometimes glaucous, spheric, 6-11 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 1-1.5 mm, deciduous. |
scales 2-3 mm, deciduous. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Berberis canadensis |
Berberis trifoliolata |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering winter–spring (Feb–Apr). |
Habitat | In woods or glades, on rocky slopes and near rivers | Slopes and flats in grassland, shrubland, and sometimes open woodland |
Elevation | 100-700 m (300-2300 ft) | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MO; NC; PA; TN; VA; WV
|
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico
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Discussion | Berberis canadensis is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Cherokee Indians used scraped bark of Berberis canadensis in infusions to treat diarrhea (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The illegitimate name Berberis trifoliolata Moricand var. glauca (I. M. Johnston) M. C. Johnston has been used for plants with very strongly glaucous leaves. Weakly and strongly glaucous plants are often found in the same population, however, indicating that they are not distinct varieties. Berberis trifoliolata is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mahonia trifoliolata | |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Berberis no. 2. (1768) | Moricand: Pl. Nouv. Amér., 113. (1841) |
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