Berberis canadensis |
Berberis repens |
|
---|---|---|
Allegheny barberry, American barberry |
creeping barberry, creeping Oregon-grape, prostrate barberry |
|
Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.4-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with long primary shoots and short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, 0.02-0.2(-0.6) m. Stems monomorphic, usually without short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems grayish or purplish brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade oblanceolate or sometimes narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.8-7.5 × 0.8-3.3 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.2-1.2 × 0.1-0.15 mm, apex rounded or rounded-obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous. |
(3-)5-7-foliolate; petioles (1-)3-9 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thin and flexible; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, rarely glossy, somewhat glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked, blade 3.2-9.5 × 2.3-6 cm, 1.2-2.2(-2.5) times as long as wide; lateral leaflets ovate or elliptic, 1(-3)-veined from base, base rounded to obtuse or truncate, margins plane, toothed, with 6-24 teeth 0.5-3 mm tipped with spines to 0.6-2.8 × 0.1-0.25 mm, apex rounded, rarely obtuse or even broadly acute. |
|
Spines | present, simple or 3(-7)-fid. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | racemose, lax, 3-12-flowered, 2-5.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
racemose, dense, 25-50-flowered, 3-10 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex rounded to obtuse or broadly acute. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
|
Berries | red, oblong-ellipsoid, 10 mm, juicy, solid. |
blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 6-10 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 1-1.5 mm, deciduous. |
scales 3-8 mm, deciduous. |
Anther | filaments with distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
|
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Berberis canadensis |
Berberis repens |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). |
Habitat | In woods or glades, on rocky slopes and near rivers | Open forest, shrubland, and grassland |
Elevation | 100-700 m (300-2300 ft) | 200-3000 m (700-9800 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MO; NC; PA; TN; VA; WV
|
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
|
Discussion | Berberis canadensis is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Cherokee Indians used scraped bark of Berberis canadensis in infusions to treat diarrhea (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis sonnei was described based on plants with relatively narrow, rather shiny leaflets collected by Sonne in Truckee, California. Subsequent collections from this population show the morphology typical of B. repens; Sonne's collections evidently are an aberrant form of this species. Berberis repens is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis. Various Native American tribes used preparations of the roots of Berberis repens to treat stomach troubles, to prevent bloody dysentary, and as a blood purifier; mixed with whiskey, it was used for bladder problems, venereal diseases, general aches, and kidney problems; and preparations made from the entire plant served as a cure-all and as a lotion for scorpion bites (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. aquifolium var. repens, B. sonnei, Mahonia repens, Mahonia sonnei | |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Berberis no. 2. (1768) | Lindley: Bot. Reg., plate 1176. (1828) |
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