Berberis canadensis |
Berberis haematocarpa |
|
---|---|---|
Allegheny barberry, American barberry |
algerita, red barberry, red fruit mahonia |
|
Habit | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.4-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with long primary shoots and short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, evergreen, 1-4 m. Stems ± dimorphic, with elongate primary and short or somewhat elongate axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems grayish purple, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade oblanceolate or sometimes narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.8-7.5 × 0.8-3.3 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.2-1.2 × 0.1-0.15 mm, apex rounded or rounded-obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous. |
3-9-foliolate; petioles 0.1-0.5 cm. |
Leaflet | blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially dull, papillose, adaxially dull, glaucous; terminal leaflet stalked in most leaves, blade 1.5-3.8 × 0.5-1.1 cm, 2-5 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades oblong-ovate to ovate or lanceolate, 1(-3)-veined from base, base acute to obtuse, rarely subtruncate, margins undulate or crispate, toothed or lobed, with 2-4 teeth 1-4 mm high tipped with spines to 1.2-2 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex narrowly acute or acuminate. |
|
Spines | present, simple or 3(-7)-fid. |
absent. |
Inflorescences | racemose, lax, 3-12-flowered, 2-5.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
racemose, lax, 3-7-flowered, 1.5–4.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
Berries | red, oblong-ellipsoid, 10 mm, juicy, solid. |
purplish red, glaucous, spheric or short-ellipsoid, 5-8 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 1-1.5 mm, deciduous. |
scales 2-4 mm, deciduous. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Berberis canadensis |
Berberis haematocarpa |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering winter–spring (Feb–Jun). |
Habitat | In woods or glades, on rocky slopes and near rivers | Slopes and flats in desert shrubland, desert grassland, and dry oak woodland |
Elevation | 100-700 m (300-2300 ft) | 900-2300 m (3000-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MO; NC; PA; TN; VA; WV
|
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; Mexico (Sonora)
|
Discussion | Berberis canadensis is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Cherokee Indians used scraped bark of Berberis canadensis in infusions to treat diarrhea (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Typical populations of Berberis haematocarpa (with narrowly ovate or lanceolate leaflets and small, juicy, deep red berries) and B. fremontii (with ovate or orbiculate leaflets and large, dry, inflated, yellowish or brownish berries) are easily distinguished. These characteristics are not always well correlated, however, and intermediate populations, showing different combinations of leaflet shape and berry size, color, and inflation, are known. Berberis haematocarpa is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. nevinii var. haematocarpa, Mahonia haematocarpa | |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Berberis no. 2. (1768) | Wooton: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 304. (1898) |
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