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Beale's barberry, Chinese mahonia, leatherleaf mahonia

Allegheny barberry, American barberry

Habit Shrubs, evergreen, 1-2 m. Stems monomorphic, without short axillary shoots. Shrubs, deciduous, 0.4-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with long primary shoots and short axillary shoots.
Bark

of 2d-year stems tan, glabrous.

of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous.

Leaves

5-9-foliolate;

petioles 2-8 cm.

blade oblanceolate or sometimes narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.8-7.5 × 0.8-3.3 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.2-1.2 × 0.1-0.15 mm, apex rounded or rounded-obtuse;

surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous.

Leaflet

blades thick and rigid;

surfaces abaxially smooth, shiny, adaxially dull, gray-green;

terminal leaflet stalked, blade 6.5-9.3 × 4-7 cm, 1.3-2.3 times as long as wide;

lateral leaflet blades ovate or lance-ovate, 4-6-veined from base, base truncate or weakly cordate, margins plane, toothed, with 2-7 teeth 3-8 mm tipped with spines to 1.4-4 × 0.3-0.6 mm, apex acuminate.

Spines

absent.

present, simple or 3(-7)-fid.

Inflorescences

racemose, dense, 70-150-flowered, 5-17 cm;

bracteoles ± corky, apex rounded to acute.

racemose, lax, 3-12-flowered, 2-5.5 cm;

bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate.

Flowers

anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth.

Berries

dark blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 9-12 mm, juicy, solid.

red, oblong-ellipsoid, 10 mm, juicy, solid.

Bud

scales 11-13 mm, persistent.

scales 1-1.5 mm, deciduous.

2n

= 28.

Berberis bealei

Berberis canadensis

Phenology Flowering fall–winter (Dec–Mar). Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat Open woodlands and shrublands In woods or glades, on rocky slopes and near rivers
Elevation 100-500 m (300-1600 ft) 100-700 m (300-2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; GA; NC; VA; native; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MO; NC; PA; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Berberis bealei is commonly cultivated; although it rarely escapes, it is locally naturalized in the southeastern United States. It is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Berberis canadensis is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis.

The Cherokee Indians used scraped bark of Berberis canadensis in infusions to treat diarrhea (D. E. Moermann 1986).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Berberidaceae > Berberis Berberidaceae > Berberis
Sibling taxa
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. canadensis, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fendleri, B. fremontii, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. repens, B. swaseyi, B. thunbergii, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris, B. wilcoxii
B. amplectens, B. aquifolium, B. bealei, B. darwinii, B. dictyota, B. fendleri, B. fremontii, B. haematocarpa, B. harrisoniana, B. higginsiae, B. nervosa, B. nevinii, B. pinnata, B. piperiana, B. pumila, B. repens, B. swaseyi, B. thunbergii, B. trifoliolata, B. vulgaris, B. wilcoxii
Synonyms Mahonia bealei
Name authority Fortune: Gard. Chron. 1850: 212. (1850) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Berberis no. 2. (1768)
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