Berberis bealei |
Berberis canadensis |
|
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Beale's barberry, Chinese mahonia, leatherleaf mahonia |
Allegheny barberry, American barberry |
|
Habit | Shrubs, evergreen, 1-2 m. Stems monomorphic, without short axillary shoots. | Shrubs, deciduous, 0.4-2 m. Stems dimorphic, with long primary shoots and short axillary shoots. |
Bark | of 2d-year stems tan, glabrous. |
of 2d-year stems purple or brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | 5-9-foliolate; petioles 2-8 cm. |
blade oblanceolate or sometimes narrowly elliptic, 1-veined from base, 1.8-7.5 × 0.8-3.3 cm, thin and flexible, base long-attenuate, margins plane, toothed, each with 3-12 teeth 0-1 mm high tipped with bristles to 0.2-1.2 × 0.1-0.15 mm, apex rounded or rounded-obtuse; surfaces abaxially dull, smooth, adaxially dull, ± glaucous. |
Leaflet | blades thick and rigid; surfaces abaxially smooth, shiny, adaxially dull, gray-green; terminal leaflet stalked, blade 6.5-9.3 × 4-7 cm, 1.3-2.3 times as long as wide; lateral leaflet blades ovate or lance-ovate, 4-6-veined from base, base truncate or weakly cordate, margins plane, toothed, with 2-7 teeth 3-8 mm tipped with spines to 1.4-4 × 0.3-0.6 mm, apex acuminate. |
|
Spines | absent. |
present, simple or 3(-7)-fid. |
Inflorescences | racemose, dense, 70-150-flowered, 5-17 cm; bracteoles ± corky, apex rounded to acute. |
racemose, lax, 3-12-flowered, 2-5.5 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex acuminate. |
Flowers | anther filaments without distal pair of recurved lateral teeth. |
|
Berries | dark blue, glaucous, oblong-ovoid, 9-12 mm, juicy, solid. |
red, oblong-ellipsoid, 10 mm, juicy, solid. |
Bud | scales 11-13 mm, persistent. |
scales 1-1.5 mm, deciduous. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Berberis bealei |
Berberis canadensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering fall–winter (Dec–Mar). | Flowering spring (Apr–May). |
Habitat | Open woodlands and shrublands | In woods or glades, on rocky slopes and near rivers |
Elevation | 100-500 m (300-1600 ft) | 100-700 m (300-2300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; NC; VA; native; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America]
|
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MO; NC; PA; TN; VA; WV
|
Discussion | Berberis bealei is commonly cultivated; although it rarely escapes, it is locally naturalized in the southeastern United States. It is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Berberis canadensis is susceptible to infection by Puccinia graminis. The Cherokee Indians used scraped bark of Berberis canadensis in infusions to treat diarrhea (D. E. Moermann 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Berberidaceae > Berberis | Berberidaceae > Berberis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mahonia bealei | |
Name authority | Fortune: Gard. Chron. 1850: 212. (1850) | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Berberis no. 2. (1768) |
Web links |