Flora of North America species comparison

1–3(–5) cm.

erect or sometimes decumbent, simple, 2-fid, fastigiate, or with subfloral whorl of branches, usually tomentose proximally.

stiffly erect when dry, spreading when moist, linear, 4–5 mm;

base sheathing, shoulders well developed, firm;

margins plane, serrulate to serrate distally, teeth paired distally;

apex acuminate, subulate;

costa excurrent, obscure in distal limb;

basal laminal cell walls thin;

medial and distal cells 25–45 × 5–7 µm, prorulae relatively low.

erect-appressed to spreading-recurved, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, or linear;

base sometimes abruptly enlarged and clasping;

margins not or weakly bordered, toothed distally or throughout, teeth single or paired;

apex acute, acuminate, or rarely obtuse;

costa strong;

laminal cells rounded quadrate, oblong, rectangular, or linear, prorulose or mammillose at one or both ends, rarely centrally papillose or smooth, walls usually firm, usually enlarged, lax, smooth, and hyaline toward base, not or weakly differentiated at basal angles (or with distinct alar regions).

0.8–3 cm, straight.

terminal, often appearing lateral by innovations, single or rarely clustered, usually elongate, smooth.

synoicous;

perichaetial leaves somewhat longer than stem leaves, 6 mm, more strongly clasping.

dioicous, autoicous, or synoicous;

perigonia gemmiform or discoid, paraphyses filiform or clavate;

perichaetial leaves similar to stem leaves, often longer, areolation more lax.

inclined, subglobose to ovoid, asymmetric, 1 mm;

operculum short-conic;

peristome double;

exostome teeth 300–400 µm, strongly transversely barred, finely papillose proximally, smooth distally;

endostome basal membrane present, segments 1/2–2/3 length of teeth and somewhat adherent to them, smooth, cilia absent or rudimentary.

inclined, horizontal, erect, or rarely pendent, subglobose or ovoid, usually asymmetric, furrowed or rarely smooth or irregularly wrinkled when dry, mouth usually oblique;

annulus usually absent;

operculum conic, convex, umbonate, or rarely rostrate, beak short, blunt;

peristome double, single, rudimentary, or absent, inserted well below mouth;

exostome teeth 16, yellow-brown to reddish brown, lanceolate, smooth or papillose, usually unbordered, usually with prominent trabeculae, often with intermediate thickenings distally;

endostome absent or usually well developed, sometimes adhering in fragments to exostome or shorter and keeled, basal membrane usually high, segments gaping, split along median line, cilia 1–3 or sometimes absent, usually short, never appendiculate.

cucullate, smooth, naked.

25–40 µm.

spheric to reniform, papillose.