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western white indigo

eastern white indigo, white false indigo, white wild indigo

Habit Herbs to 2 m, glabrous. Herbs to 1.5 m, glabrous.
Leaves

petiolate;

stipules caducous, lanceolate, 2–8 mm;

petiole 5–15 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate.

petiolate;

stipules deciduous, linear-lanceolate, 3–8 mm;

petiole 5–20 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate.

Racemes

8–20-flowered, terminal, stiffly erect, ebracteate.

8–20-flowered, terminal, bracteate.

Pedicels

3–10 mm.

6–10 mm.

Flowers

18–25 mm;

calyx 7–8 mm, glabrous;

corolla white, 16–23 mm.

14–18 mm;

calyx 4.5–6.5 mm, glabrous;

corolla white, 12–16 mm.

Legumes

black in age, ascending to spreading-pendent, plump, ellipsoid-cylindric, 23–50 × 10–30 mm, smooth.

ascending, ± inflated, cylindric to oblong-lanceoloid, 20–30 × 7–10 mm, brittle.

Seeds

20–30.

20–30.

Baptisia lactea

Baptisia alba

Phenology Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Pine or pine-oak woodlands in mostly sandy soils.
Elevation 50–700 m. (200–2300 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
c United States; se United States
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC; TN; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Baptisia lactea forms hybrids with B. lanceolata, B. nuttalliana, B. sphaerocarpa (B. × sulphurea Engelmann), and B. tinctoria (B. × deamii Larisey).

Peripheral intergradation between var. lactea and var. pendula occurs (hence their treatment as varieties); they are not known to co-occur at present.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

D. Isely (1981) accepted Baptisia alba as containing B. albescens, as did R. L. Wilbur (1963c) and B. L. Turner (2006c); later, Isely (1998) recognized B. alba with two varieties and including B. lactea and B. albescens. M. Woods and A. R. Diamond (2014) accepted both B. alba and B. albescens. The taxonomy and nomenclature of these taxa were discussed in more detail by Turner.

Baptisia alba forms hybrids with B. cinerea, B. lanceolata, B. perfoliata (B. × fulva Larisey), and B. tinctoria (B. × pinetorum Larisey [= B. × serenae M. A. Curtis]).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Legumes 10–15 mm wide; mature stipes about as long as calyces; c United States.
var. lactea
1. Legumes 15–30 mm wide; mature stipes much longer than calyces; se United States.
var. pendula
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Baptisia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Baptisia
Sibling taxa
B. alba, B. arachnifera, B. australis, B. bracteata, B. calycosa, B. cinerea, B. hirsuta, B. lanceolata, B. lecontei, B. leucophaea, B. megacarpa, B. nuttalliana, B. perfoliata, B. simplicifolia, B. sphaerocarpa, B. tinctoria
B. arachnifera, B. australis, B. bracteata, B. calycosa, B. cinerea, B. hirsuta, B. lactea, B. lanceolata, B. lecontei, B. leucophaea, B. megacarpa, B. nuttalliana, B. perfoliata, B. simplicifolia, B. sphaerocarpa, B. tinctoria
Subordinate taxa
B. lactea var. lactea, B. lactea var. pendula
Synonyms Dolichos lacteus Crotalaria alba, B. albescens, Sophora alba
Name authority (Rafinesque) Thieret: Sida 3: 446. (1969) (Linnaeus) R. Brown in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton: Hortus Kew. 3: 6. (1811)
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