Balsamorhiza |
Balsamorhiza sericea |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
balsamroot |
silky balsamroot, silvery balsamroot |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Perennials, 10–45(–100) cm (taproots slender or massive, thick- or thin-barked; caudices unbranched or multibranched). | Plants 10–30(–40) cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, branched mostly from bases. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | mostly basal; opposite or alternate; petiolate (bases persisting as fibrils); blades (mostly pinnately nerved, sometimes 3- or 5-nerved) either rounded-deltate to triangular-deltate with bases sagittate or cordate to truncate and margins entire or crenate (B. subg. Artorhiza), or blades mostly elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate to lance-ovate or oblong and often 1–2-pinnatifid or -pinnately lobed with bases mostly truncate to cuneate and (if not lobed) margins usually crenate, dentate, or serrate, seldom entire (B. subg. Balsamorhiza), faces usually hirsute, hispid, pilose, puberulent, scabrous, sericeous, strigose, tomentose, or velutinous and gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, seldom glabrous. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basal leaves | blades silvery, lanceolate or lance-ovate, 9–30 × 2–7 cm (1-pinnatifid, lobes oblong to oblanceolate, 5–35 × 3–17 mm), bases cuneate, ultimate margins usually entire (plane or weakly revolute, obscurely, if at all, ciliate), apices rounded to acute, faces densely sericeous. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Involucres | mostly campanulate or turbinate to hemispheric, 11–30+ mm diam. |
campanulate to hemispheric, 11–20+ mm diam. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Receptacles | flat to convex, paleate (paleae persistent, conduplicate, at least at bases, chartaceous). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ray florets | 5–21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, rarely becoming brick red (B. rosea). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ray laminae | 15–20 mm (adaxially puberulous on veins). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disc florets | (15–)50–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orange, tubes much shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (style branches stigmatic in 2 barely distinct lines, appendages filiform). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phyllaries | persistent, 8–20+ in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer equaling or surpassing inner). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outer phyllaries | broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, 12–20 mm, slightly surpassing inner, apices acuminate to attenuate (margins not ciliate). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heads | radiate, usually borne singly, rarely (2–3+) in ± corymbiform to racemiform arrays (peduncles ± scapiform, usually bearing 2+ leaves or bracts proximally or at mid length). |
borne singly. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cypselae | obscurely prismatic, weakly 3–4-angled (faces usually glabrous, strigose in some B. careyana and in B. rosea); pappi 0. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x | = 19. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balsamorhiza |
Balsamorhiza sericea |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Serpentine outcrops, among surface rocks, in crevices, hillsides, dry streamsides among cobbles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 400–1800 m (1300–5900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w North America |
CA; OR
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Species 12 (12 in the flora). Balsamorhiza ×bonseri H. St. John refers to a hybrid derivative involving B. sagittata and B. rosea. The plants have the habit of B. sagittata and the reddish ray corollas of B. rosea. The cypselae are hairy. Balsamorhiza ×terebinthacea (Hooker) Nuttall and B. macrophylla var. terebinthacea (Hooker) A. Nelson refer to hybrids derived from B. hookeri × B. deltoidea. In the key and descriptions here, “leaves” refers to basal leaves and “leaf blades” refers to blades of basal leaves, unless otherwise indicated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Balsamorhiza sericea hybridizes with B. deltoidea. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 93. | FNA vol. 21, p. 96. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Balsamorhiza > subg. Balsamorhiza | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Hooker ex Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 349. (1840) | W. A. Weber: Phytologia 50: 358. (1982) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |