Balsamorhiza |
Balsamorhiza rosea |
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balsamroot |
rosy balsamroot |
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Habit | Perennials, 10–45(–100) cm (taproots slender or massive, thick- or thin-barked; caudices unbranched or multibranched). | Plants 6–10(–30) cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, branched mostly from bases. |
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Leaves | mostly basal; opposite or alternate; petiolate (bases persisting as fibrils); blades (mostly pinnately nerved, sometimes 3- or 5-nerved) either rounded-deltate to triangular-deltate with bases sagittate or cordate to truncate and margins entire or crenate (B. subg. Artorhiza), or blades mostly elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate to lance-ovate or oblong and often 1–2-pinnatifid or -pinnately lobed with bases mostly truncate to cuneate and (if not lobed) margins usually crenate, dentate, or serrate, seldom entire (B. subg. Balsamorhiza), faces usually hirsute, hispid, pilose, puberulent, scabrous, sericeous, strigose, tomentose, or velutinous and gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, seldom glabrous. |
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Basal leaves | blades gray-green, oblong to lance-ovate, 3–10(–20) × 2–5 cm (rarely pinnately lobed), bases weakly cordate or truncate, margins crenate to serrate, apices rounded to acute, faces finely strigose to moderately scabrous (usually gland-dotted as well). |
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Involucres | mostly campanulate or turbinate to hemispheric, 11–30+ mm diam. |
hemispheric, 18–20 mm diam. |
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Receptacles | flat to convex, paleate (paleae persistent, conduplicate, at least at bases, chartaceous). |
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Ray florets | 5–21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, rarely becoming brick red (B. rosea). |
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Ray laminae | (becoming brick-red, often drying to pink or rose, and chartaceous) (8–)15(–25) mm (hispidulous abaxially; cypselae strigose). |
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Disc florets | (15–)50–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orange, tubes much shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (style branches stigmatic in 2 barely distinct lines, appendages filiform). |
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Phyllaries | persistent, 8–20+ in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer equaling or surpassing inner). |
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Outer phyllaries | deltate or ovate to lanceolate, 8–12 mm, not surpassing inner. |
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Heads | radiate, usually borne singly, rarely (2–3+) in ± corymbiform to racemiform arrays (peduncles ± scapiform, usually bearing 2+ leaves or bracts proximally or at mid length). |
usually borne singly. |
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Cypselae | obscurely prismatic, weakly 3–4-angled (faces usually glabrous, strigose in some B. careyana and in B. rosea); pappi 0. |
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x | = 19. |
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2n | = 38. |
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Balsamorhiza |
Balsamorhiza rosea |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry hills | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 300–400 m (1000–1300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w North America |
OR; WA
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Discussion | Species 12 (12 in the flora). Balsamorhiza ×bonseri H. St. John refers to a hybrid derivative involving B. sagittata and B. rosea. The plants have the habit of B. sagittata and the reddish ray corollas of B. rosea. The cypselae are hairy. Balsamorhiza ×terebinthacea (Hooker) Nuttall and B. macrophylla var. terebinthacea (Hooker) A. Nelson refer to hybrids derived from B. hookeri × B. deltoidea. In the key and descriptions here, “leaves” refers to basal leaves and “leaf blades” refers to blades of basal leaves, unless otherwise indicated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In a hybrid swarm involving Balsamorhiza rosea and B. careyana, B. rosea remains relatively uncontaminated; the dominance among the hybrids appears to lie with B. careyana. A record of a hybrid between B. rosea and B. careyana from the Spokane area is doubtful. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 93. | FNA vol. 21, p. 96. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Balsamorhiza > subg. Balsamorhiza | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | B. hookeri var. rosea | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Hooker ex Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 349. (1840) | A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride: Bot. Gaz. 56: 478. (1913) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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