Balsamorhiza hookeri |
Balsamorhiza incana |
|
---|---|---|
hairy balsamroot, hare's head balsamroot, Hooker's balsam root |
hoary balsamroot, woolly balsamroot |
|
Habit | Plants 10–30 cm. | Plants 20–35(–70) cm. |
Basal leaves | blades usually gray-green, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or ovate, (8–)20–30(–40) × 2–15 cm (1–2-pinnatifid, primary lobes oblong or lanceolate to linear, 5–100 × 0.5–15 mm, secondary lobes usually ± linear, spreading), bases ± truncate to broadly cuneate, ultimate margins usually entire (plane or revolute, ciliate or not), apices obtuse to acute, faces hirsute, sericeous, or strigose (and gland-dotted or finely stipitate-glandular). |
blades white to grayish, lance-ovate to oblong, 10–45 × 3–7(–10) cm (1-pinnatifid, lobes ovate to lanceolate, 20–50 × 5–25 mm), bases broadly cuneate to truncate, margins entire or serrate (plane, not distinctly ciliate), apices obtuse, faces usually densely, sometimes sparsely, tomentose. |
Involucres | campanulate to hemispheric, 15–30 mm diam. |
hemispheric, 20–25(–30) mm. |
Ray laminae | 15–30(–45) mm. |
20–40(–50+) mm. |
Outer phyllaries | ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 10–24+ mm, seldom surpassing inner, apices acuminate to attenuate (margins usually ciliate). |
ovate to lanceolate or linear, 15–20 mm, shorter than inner, apices acute to attenuate (margins ± ciliate). |
Heads | borne singly. |
usually borne singly. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Balsamorhiza hookeri |
Balsamorhiza incana |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–May(–Jul). | Flowering May–Jun(–Jul). |
Habitat | Rocky outcrops, dry meadows, sagebrush scrublands, basalt scablands (north), dry, open forests (south) | Grassy meadows, dry, rocky sites, openings in conifer forests |
Elevation | (300–)1000–1500(–2900) m ((1000–)3300–4900(–9500) ft) | 1200–2800 m (3900–9200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR; WA
|
ID; MT; OR; WA; WY
|
Discussion | At one time or another, most species of subg. Balsamorhiza have been synonymized under B. hookeri. Nevertheless, a number of taxa are justifiably segregated as species by their morphologic differences and geographic restrictions. One might logically choose either of two taxonomies: recognizing only two species in the entire genus, one representing subg. Artorhiza and the other subg. Balsamorhiza, or recognizing each slightly differing population as a species. Either course results in an unsatisfactory classification. The present classification is a compromise. A knotty problem persists. A central cluster of populations from eastern Washington to southeastern California display a number of minor and locally discrete morphologies. They tend to be less isolated from each other than are the peripheral populations, although some tend to mimic the latter ones in one or more characteristics. Their evolutionary history may be involved with past hybridizations with each other or with species of subg. Artorhiza, gene drift, and polyploidy. At present, it appears impossible to reach a satisfactory classification. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Balsamorhiza incana hybridizes with B. sagittata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 98. | FNA vol. 21, p. 96. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Balsamorhiza > subg. Balsamorhiza | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Balsamorhiza > subg. Balsamorhiza |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Heliopsis balsamorhiza, B. hirsuta, B. hirsuta var. lagocephala, B. hirsuta var. neglecta, B. hookeri var. hirsuta, B. hookeri var. lagocephala, B. hookeri var. neglecta, B. macrolepis var. platylepis, B. platylepis | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 349. (1840) | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 350. (1840) |
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