Balsamorhiza deltoidea |
Balsamorhiza hookeri |
|
---|---|---|
deltoid balsam root, Puget balsamroot |
hairy balsamroot, hare's head balsamroot, Hooker's balsam root |
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Habit | Plants 20–90 cm. | Plants 10–30 cm. |
Basal leaves | blades green, deltate or rounded-deltate to triangular-deltate, 10–25+ × 7–15(–20) cm, bases cordate to sagittate, margins usually crenate to dentate (at least near bases), sometimes entire, apices acute, faces usually sparsely hirtellous to hispidulous, sometimes glabrous (usually gland-dotted, sometimes vernicose). |
blades usually gray-green, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or ovate, (8–)20–30(–40) × 2–15 cm (1–2-pinnatifid, primary lobes oblong or lanceolate to linear, 5–100 × 0.5–15 mm, secondary lobes usually ± linear, spreading), bases ± truncate to broadly cuneate, ultimate margins usually entire (plane or revolute, ciliate or not), apices obtuse to acute, faces hirsute, sericeous, or strigose (and gland-dotted or finely stipitate-glandular). |
Involucres | campanulate to hemispheric 15–30+ mm diam. |
campanulate to hemispheric, 15–30 mm diam. |
Ray laminae | 20–50 mm. |
15–30(–45) mm. |
Outer phyllaries | oblong to lanceolate or lance-linear, (12–)30–40(–60) mm, usually much surpassing inner, apices acute. |
ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 10–24+ mm, seldom surpassing inner, apices acuminate to attenuate (margins usually ciliate). |
Heads | usually borne singly, sometimes 2+. |
borne singly. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Balsamorhiza deltoidea |
Balsamorhiza hookeri |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jun(–Jul). | Flowering Apr–May(–Jul). |
Habitat | Open hillsides, openings in chaparral or forests | Rocky outcrops, dry meadows, sagebrush scrublands, basalt scablands (north), dry, open forests (south) |
Elevation | 60–1800(–2400) m (200–5900(–7900) ft) | (300–)1000–1500(–2900) m ((1000–)3300–4900(–9500) ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
|
CA; NV; OR; WA
|
Discussion | Balsamorhiza deltoidea varies in the crenation of the leaf margins. The variability may stem from an old hybridization with B. hookeri or other species of Balsamorhiza. Otherwise, B. deltoidea shows little significant variability except where it hybridizes with B. careyana in the narrows of the Columbia River Gorge. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
At one time or another, most species of subg. Balsamorhiza have been synonymized under B. hookeri. Nevertheless, a number of taxa are justifiably segregated as species by their morphologic differences and geographic restrictions. One might logically choose either of two taxonomies: recognizing only two species in the entire genus, one representing subg. Artorhiza and the other subg. Balsamorhiza, or recognizing each slightly differing population as a species. Either course results in an unsatisfactory classification. The present classification is a compromise. A knotty problem persists. A central cluster of populations from eastern Washington to southeastern California display a number of minor and locally discrete morphologies. They tend to be less isolated from each other than are the peripheral populations, although some tend to mimic the latter ones in one or more characteristics. Their evolutionary history may be involved with past hybridizations with each other or with species of subg. Artorhiza, gene drift, and polyploidy. At present, it appears impossible to reach a satisfactory classification. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 95. | FNA vol. 21, p. 98. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Balsamorhiza > subg. Artorhiza | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Balsamorhiza > subg. Balsamorhiza |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. glabrescens | Heliopsis balsamorhiza, B. hirsuta, B. hirsuta var. lagocephala, B. hirsuta var. neglecta, B. hookeri var. hirsuta, B. hookeri var. lagocephala, B. hookeri var. neglecta, B. macrolepis var. platylepis, B. platylepis |
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 351. (1840) | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 349. (1840) |
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