Baccharis pilularis
Baccharis malibuensis
chaparral broom, coyote brush, dwarf chaparral false willow
Malibu baccharis, Malibu baccharis or coyote brush
spreading to ascending, dark brown, shiny, striate-angular, glabrous, often ± scurfy, usually resinous and sticky.
erect to arching, striate-angled, glabrous or sparsely villous distally (hairs short, spreading).
present at flowering;
sessile or short-petiolate;
blades (1- or 3-nerved) oblanceolate to obovate, the smaller 5–40 × 2–15 mm (thick), bases cuneate, margins entire or coarsely dentate (teeth 3–9 distal to middles), faces glabrous, gland-dotted, resinous.
present at flowering (sparse); short-petiolate;
blades (1- or 3-nerved) linear to linear-oblanceolate, (15–)20–45(–65) × 1–4(–5) mm, bases narrowly attenuate, margins entire or weakly serrate, apices acute or acuminate (crustose);
faces glabrous or sometimes sparsely pilose (hairs 2-seriate), adaxial gland-dotted (in pits; distal leaves reduced, crowded).
hemispheric to campanulate;
staminate 3.2–5 mm, pistillate 3–6 mm.
turbinate;
staminate ca. 5 mm, pistillate ca. 5 mm.
19–43;
corollas 2.5–3.5 mm.
35–38;
corollas 2.2–4.2 mm.
20–34, 3–4 mm.
23–36;
corollas 3.7–4.5 mm.
ovate to lanceolate, 1–3 mm, margins yellowish, scarious, medians yellow proximally, green distally, apices obtuse to acute or acuminate (erose, abaxial faces papillose-scurfy).
linear-lanceolate, 2–5 mm, margins yellowish white, scarious, medians green, apices becoming brown with age, ciliate distally.
(100–200+) in (leafy) paniculiform arrays.
in cylindric paniculiform arrays.
1–2 mm, 8–10-nerved, glabrous;
pappi 6–9 mm.
2.4–3 mm, 5-nerved, faces with thick, irregular, glandlike hairs;
pappi 6.5–7.5 mm.
Baccharis pilularis
Baccharis malibuensis
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Baccharis pilularis can be distinguished by its dark brown stems, and serrate, obovate to oblanceolate leaves. In addition, plants from some dunes of the California coast are prostrate, a growth form unique to this genus in our region.
The common, weedy, widespread form is subsp. consanguinea, which is typically erect, with its larger leaves 15–40 mm. Subspecies pilularis is known only from exposed sandy dunes and bluffs along the central coast of California. Its growth habit is matlike, and its larger leaves are 5–15 mm. The prostrate habit of subsp. pilularis is strikingly different from the upright habit of subsp. consanguinea.
C. B. Wolf (1935) demonstrated that in at least some populations, the distinction between prostrate and erect forms has a genetic basis. Transplants from the wild of the prostrate and erect forms retained their respective growth habits when grown together in a sheltered location and the morphology of seedlings reflected the habit of the parents. Wolf’s arguments for recognizing the forms as subspecies are further supported by the existence of prostrate cultivars in the horticultural trade. On the other hand, both erect and prostrate forms grow in proximity throughout the range of subsp. pilularis. In many areas the forms intergrade completely; in others they can be easily distinguished. Two subspecies are recognized here, notwithstanding difficulties in identifying habit from pressed specimens, or by observations of populations where both growth forms coexist. Further study is needed, perhaps utilizing molecular characters and detailed observations of native populations.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Of conservation concern.
Baccharis malibuensis is known only from the Malibu Creek drainage area in the Santa Monica Mountains (Los Angeles County). It is distinguished by its narrow, often conduplicate and glabrate leaves, cylindric arrays, and summer flowering. According to Beauchamp and Henrickson, it appears to be closely related to and possibly derived from B. plummerae, from which it differs primarily in leaf size, teeth, and indument.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Stems erect, rarely prostrate, brittle, forming erect or rounded shrubs; leaves mostly 15–40 mm; noncoastal and coastal California, Oregon | subsp. consanguinea |
1. Stems prostrate, flexible, forming mats; leaves mostly 5–15 mm; sandy, exposed habitats of coastal California | subsp. pilularis |
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