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trans-Pecos ayenia

Habit Subshrubs, decumbent or erect, 0.2–0.5(–0.9) m. Stems hairy, hairs simple and retrorse or simple and stellate. Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs [trees].
Leaves

petiole 0.4–1(–1.5) cm;

blades of proximal leaves ovate to orbiculate, 0.5–2(–3.2) × 0.2–1(–1.5) cm, distal oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate or linear, unlobed, 1–4.3(–7) × 0.2–1(–1.5) cm, base rounded to truncate, margins serrate to doubly serrate or dentate, sometimes ciliate, apex subacute, 3(–5)-veined from base, surfaces usually stellate-puberulent, sometimes glabrescent.

blades usually unlobed, rarely lobed (Hermannia), margins serrate, dentate, or entire.

Inflorescences

axillary, terminal, or leaf-opposed, usually antisepalous or absent (Hermannia and Waltheria);

gynoecium syncarpous.

Pedicels

2–4(–7) mm.

Flowers

sepals persistent, not reflexed at anthesis, ovate-lanceolate, 1–3 mm, stellate-hairy abaxially;

petal claws 2–2.5(–6) mm, lamina subtriangular or rhombic, 1–2.5 × 1–2 mm, base ± attenuate on claw, margins entire, apex notched, surfaces hairy abaxially, hairs simple, multicellular, abaxial appendage filiform to slightly clavate, 0.7 mm;

androgynophore 2–3 mm;

stamen filaments present;

stigmas slightly exserted.

Fruits

capsules or schizocarps, dehiscence loculicidal or septicidal.

Capsules

oblate, 2–4 × 5 mm, densely stellate-hairy, prickles 0.5–1 mm.

Seeds

2–3 mm, tuberculate.

(1–)5–10, usually glabrous.

Cymes

axillary, not borne on short shoots (brachyblasts), 1–3(–11)-flowered;

peduncle 2–4(–7) mm.

Ayenia filiformis

Malvaceae subfam. byttnerioideae

Phenology Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall.
Habitat On limestone and granite soil, steep rocky slopes, canyons, sandy washes
Elevation 1000–1500 m (3300–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Asia; Africa; Australia; pantropical
Discussion

In Texas, Ayenia filiformis is known from the trans-Pecos region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 26, species ca. 650 (4 genera, 16 species in the flora).

Byttnerioideae comprise five tribes previously ascribed to the family Sterculiaceae (B. A. Whitlock et al. 2001). It is sister to Grewioideae; together they represent the earliest branching taxa in the family (C. Bayer et al. 1999; R. Nyffeler et al. 2005).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Anthers 3-thecate; staminodes present; sepals distinct or connate.
Ayenia
1. Anthers 2-thecate; staminodes usually absent; sepals connate
→ 2
2. Ovules 4–14 per locule.
Hermannia
2. Ovules 2 per locule
→ 3
3. Ovaries 5-locular.
Melochia
3. Ovaries 1-locular.
Waltheria
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 205. FNA vol. 6, p. 202. Author: Margaret M. Hanes.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Byttnerioideae > Ayenia Malvaceae
Sibling taxa
A. compacta, A. euphrasiifolia, A. jaliscana, A. limitaris, A. microphylla, A. pilosa
Subordinate taxa
Ayenia, Hermannia, Melochia, Waltheria
Synonyms A. cuneata, A. reflexa
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 42. (1889) Burnett: Outlines Bot., 821, 1119. (1835)
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