Flora of North America species comparison

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Atriplex semibaccata

Atriplex gardneri

Australian saltbush, berry saltbush, creeping saltbush

Gardner's orache, Gardner's sagebrush, Gardner's saltbrush, Gardner's saltbush, Nuttall's saltbush
Habit Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, decumbent-prostrate, unarmed, mainly 0.5–8 dm and spreading to 15+ dm wide, unarmed, white scurfy when young; branches not angled. Shrubs or subshrubs, dioecious or monoecious, 1–10 dm, unarmed.
Stems

prostrate to ascending, or less commonly erect.
Leaves

many, alternate, subsessile or short petiolate;

blade 1-veined, spatulate or obovate to oblong or elliptic, mainly 5–30(–40) × 2–9(–12) mm, base attenuate, margin remotely dentate to subentire, apex obtuse.

± persistent, alternate or opposite to subopposite (especially proximally), sessile to petiolate;

blade linear to oblanceolate, obovate, spatulate, or orbiculate, 5–55 × 2–25 mm, base cuneate, margin entire (rarely dentate), apex retuse to obtuse or rounded.
Staminate flowers

in small, terminal, leaf-bracteate glomerules 1.5 mm wide.

yellow or brown, in numerous clusters 2–4 mm wide, in spikes or panicles 2–30 cm.
Pistillate flowers

solitary or in few-flowered clusters in almost all but distalmost leaves.

in spikes or panicles to 30 cm.
Seeds

dimorphic: black, 1.5–1.7 mm, or brown, 2 mm.

tan or brown, 1.5–2.5 mm wide.
Fruiting

bracteoles red-fleshy at maturity, sessile or short stipitate, strongly veined, rhombic, convex, 3–6.6 × 2.8–4.5 mm, united at base, margin toothed, apex obtuse to acute.

bracteoles 2–9 × 2–9 mm, bearing tubercles or wings or tubercles aligned in 4 rows or rarely smooth, apex toothed and usually with 2 or more lateral teeth.
2n

= 18.

Atriplex semibaccata

Atriplex gardneri
Phenology Flowering spring–early winter.
Habitat Saline waste places, along roads and sidewalks, in marshes, in various plant communities
Elevation 10-1000 m (0-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; DC; NM; NV; TX; UT; WA; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; MB; SK; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The red-fleshy fruiting bracteoles are diagnostic of this introduced perennial, which is multi-stemmed from an often buried woody caudex.

The Australian species Atriplex muelleri Bentham is somewhat similar. It has been has reported, but not verified, in the North American flora.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).

This is a widely distributed complex of intergrading genotypes of great phenotypic plasticity. The members occur commonly in fine-textured saline substrates in much of the western Great Plains and in the Intermountain Region. Diploids, triploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids (and higher polyploids, all multiples of the base number 9) are known within the complex, and hybrids are known not only between the constituents but with the other woody species which they contact, i.e., Atriplex canescens, A. confertifolia, and A. corrugata. Indeed, a case can be made for treating both A. gardneri and A. canescens within an expanded A. canescens. They are regarded here as forming two intergrading complexes, with some of the constituent varieties placed equally well within either of the species aggregations. The treatment essentially follows the alignment of taxa suggested by C. A. Hanson (1962), with the exception that they are reduced to varietal status and var. bonnevillensis and var. aptera are placed within the A. gardneri phase and not with A. canescens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Fruiting bracteoles with 4 lateral wings or rows of tubercles; staminate flowers yellow or tan to brown; w Utah, e Nevada, and the w Great Plains
→ 2
1. Fruiting bracteoles lacking lateral wings, tubercles, when present, often ± aligned; staminate flowers dark brown or yellow, but if yellow; different or various distribution
→ 3
2. Staminate flowers mainly tan to brown; Great Basin
var. bonnevillensis
2. Staminate flowers mainly yellow; w Great Plains
var. aptera
3. Lower leaves opposite or subopposite; stems usually prostrate to ascending; from the Four Corners region n to Canada, and e to Manitoba, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and n Colorado
→ 4
3. Lower leaves alternate; stems often ascending to erect; various distribution
→ 5
4. Leaves mainly 1-2.5 cm wide, grayish green; bracteoles 5-9 mm wide, densely tuberculate; Uinta and Navajo basins, Utah, Colo rado, New Mexico
var. cuneata
4. Leaves mainly 0.5-1.2 cm wide, green; bracteoles 2-5 mm wide, not tuberculate or the tubercles very short; ne Utah, n to Canada and w Great Plains
var. gardneri
5. Staminate flowers mostly brown; fruiting bracteoles tapering to an acuminate apex, with apical teeth united 1/2 of length, lacking lateral teeth; Great Basin e to ne Utah, s Idaho, w Oregon, and e Washington
var. falcata
5. Staminate flowers mostly yellow; fruiting bracteoles with apex either not acuminate or truncate, the apical teeth free, subtended by lateral teeth; various distribution
→ 6
6. Leaves mainly 5-15 times longer than wide; pistillate flowers in spikes; Grand County, Utah
var. welshii
6. Leaves mainly less than 5 times longer than wide, or if longer then of different distribution; pistillate flowers in panicles; Great Basin e to Wyoming and e Utah (and nw Arizona)
var. utahensis
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 343. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Atriplex > subg. Atriplex > sect. Semibaccata Chenopodiaceae > Atriplex > subg. Pterochiton
Sibling taxa
A. acanthocarpa, A. amnicola, A. argentea, A. californica, A. canescens, A. confertifolia, A. cordulata, A. coronata, A. corrugata, A. coulteri, A. covillei, A. dioica, A. elegans, A. fruticulosa, A. gardneri, A. garrettii, A. glabriuscula, A. gmelinii, A. graciliflora, A. heterosperma, A. holocarpa, A. hortensis, A. hymenelytra, A. joaquiniana, A. klebergorum, A. laciniata, A. lentiformis, A. leucophylla, A. lindleyi, A. linearis, A. littoralis, A. matamorensis, A. mucronata, A. nudicaulis, A. nummularia, A. oblongifolia, A. obovata, A. pacifica, A. parishii, A. parryi, A. patula, A. pentandra, A. phyllostegia, A. pleiantha, A. polycarpa, A. powellii, A. prostrata, A. pusilla, A. rosea, A. saccaria, A. serenana, A. spinifera, A. suberecta, A. suckleyi, A. tatarica, A. torreyi, A. truncata, A. tularensis, A. watsonii, A. wolfii, A. wrightii
A. acanthocarpa, A. amnicola, A. argentea, A. californica, A. canescens, A. confertifolia, A. cordulata, A. coronata, A. corrugata, A. coulteri, A. covillei, A. dioica, A. elegans, A. fruticulosa, A. garrettii, A. glabriuscula, A. gmelinii, A. graciliflora, A. heterosperma, A. holocarpa, A. hortensis, A. hymenelytra, A. joaquiniana, A. klebergorum, A. laciniata, A. lentiformis, A. leucophylla, A. lindleyi, A. linearis, A. littoralis, A. matamorensis, A. mucronata, A. nudicaulis, A. nummularia, A. oblongifolia, A. obovata, A. pacifica, A. parishii, A. parryi, A. patula, A. pentandra, A. phyllostegia, A. pleiantha, A. polycarpa, A. powellii, A. prostrata, A. pusilla, A. rosea, A. saccaria, A. semibaccata, A. serenana, A. spinifera, A. suberecta, A. suckleyi, A. tatarica, A. torreyi, A. truncata, A. tularensis, A. watsonii, A. wolfii, A. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
A. gardneri var. aptera, A. gardneri var. bonnevillensis, A. gardneri var. cuneata, A. gardneri var. falcata, A. gardneri var. gardneri, A. gardneri var. utahensis, A. gardneri var. welshii
Synonyms A. flagellaris Obione gardneri, A. nuttallii subsp. gardneri, A. nuttallii var. gardneri
Name authority R. Brown: Prodr., 406. (1810) (Moquin-Tandon) D. Dietrich: Syn. Pl. 5: 537. (1852)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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