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heterodraba, ladiestongue mustard, spreading athysanus

athysanus, sandweed

Habit Plants pubescent. Annuals; not scapose; glabrous or pubescent, trichomes simple mixed with short-stalked, forked, 3-rayed, or cruciform ones.
Stems

(0.3–)0.7–2.5(–3.5) dm.

(few from base), ascending, branched.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate or sessile;

basal not rosulate, shortly petiolate, blade margins entire or dentate;

cauline shortly petiolate or sessile, blade (base not auriculate), margins entire or dentate.

Basal leaves

subsessile or petiole to 0.3 cm;

blade oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, (0.3–)0.7–2(–2.2) cm × (2–)4–7 mm, margins entire or with a tooth on each side, apex obtuse, surfaces uniformly pubescent, trichomes cruciform with fewer, 3-rayed ones.

Cauline leaves

2–5;

blade similar to but smaller than basal, (base cuneate, not auriculate).

Racemes

(corymbose, several-flowered, secund, lax), considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

petals spatulate, 1.3–1.7 × 0.5–0.8 mm;

filaments 0.5–0.9 mm;

anthers 0.1–0.2 mm.

(cleistogamous and/or chasmogamous);

sepals suberect, oblong, lateral pair not saccate basally, (glabrous or pubescent);

petals white, (usually rudimentary, or well-developed and exceeding sepals, rarely absent), spatulate or oblong, claw indistinct;

stamens subequal;

filaments slightly dilated or not basally;

anthers ovate to globose;

nectar glands lateral, each side of lateral stamens.

Fruiting pedicels

stout, 1–2(–3) mm.

recurved or reflexed, slender or stout, (glabrous or pubescent).

Fruits

elliptic, obovate, or orbicular, flattened or slightly twisted;

valves thickened, veins often prominent, glabrous or uniformly pubescent, trichomes subsessile or short-stalked, cruciform and 3-rayed, sometimes mixed with stouter, simple or forked, subsetiform ones to 0.6 mm, not hooked;

septum complete, (membranous);

ovules 6–12 per ovary;

style 0.1–0.2 mm.

(pendulous), silicles, indehiscent or very tardily dehiscent, sessile, usually orbicular or obovate to elliptic, rarely oblong, twisted or flattened, latiseptate;

valves each not veined or veins prominent, pubescent or glabrous;

replum rounded;

septum absent or complete;

ovules 2–12 per ovary;

style obsolete or distinct;

stigma capitate.

Seeds

often 2 or more, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm.

uniseriate, flattened, not winged, oblong;

seed coat not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons accumbent.

Athysanus unilateralis

Athysanus

Phenology Flowering Feb–May.
Habitat Open grassy slopes and flats, friable clay, flood plains, adobe and heavy gumbo clay, gypsum clay slopes
Elevation 100-900 m (300-3000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America; nw Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It appears that Athysanus unilateralis is known in Oregon only from Jackson County; it is more widespread in California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 2 (2 in the flora).

Athysanus and Heterodraba are strikingly similar in almost all aspects except for the differences in the key below. Although R. C. Rollins (1993) mentioned nothing about their relationship, he keyed them out in one couplet. Their species are more closely related to each other than to other Brassicaceae. In my opinion, the recognition of two independent monotypic genera obscures their sister phylogenetic relationship. Both genera were described simultaneously by Greene, and since W. L. Jepson (1901) transferred the type of Heterodraba to Athysanus, the latter name has nomenclatural priority.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Fruits 1-locular, not twisted; valves usually pubescent, rarely glabrous, some or all trichomes hooked; seeds 1.
A. pusillus
1. Fruits 2-locular, flat or slightly twisted; valves glabrous or pubescent, trichomes not hooked; seeds often 2+.
A. unilateralis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 268. FNA vol. 7, p. 267. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Athysanus Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae
Sibling taxa
A. pusillus
Subordinate taxa
A. pusillus, A. unilateralis
Synonyms Draba unilateralis, Heterodraba unilateralis Heterodraba
Name authority (M. E. Jones) Jepson: Fl. W. Calif., 224. (1901) Greene: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 72. (1885)
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