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gravel milk vetch

timber milk-vetch, weedy milk-vetch

Habit Plants annual, winter-annual, or biennial, coarse, 4–35 cm, villous-hirsutulous; from root-crown. Plants clump-forming, caulescent or shortly caulescent, 1–35 cm, strigose, strigulose-pilosulous, pilosulous, strigulose, or villous, hairs basifixed or malpighian; from ± superficial, branched caudex.
Stems

single or few, usually decumbent to ascending, rarely erect, villous-hirsutulous.

decumbent to erect, sterile branches forming tuft of sub-basal leaves, strigose, strigulose, or villous.

Leaves

1.5–7 cm;

stipules distinct, 1–4 mm, subherbaceous becoming papery;

leaflets (5–)9–15, blades oblanceolate to oblong or obovate, 2–13 mm, apex retuse to truncate or obtuse, surfaces loosely villous, sometimes glabrate adaxially.

1.5–20 cm;

stipules connate-sheathing (bidentate) at proximal nodes, shortly connate or distinct at distal nodes, 1.5–9 mm, papery-membranous throughout or, sometimes, herbaceous at distal nodes;

leaflets 3–21, blades linear, oblong, elliptic, linear-elliptic, linear-oblanceolate, lanceolate, oblong-elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or, rarely, filiform-subulate (distally), 2–30(–42) × 0.5–7 mm, apex acute, obtuse, acuminate, apiculate, or, rarely, retuse, surfaces strigose, glabrescent, or glabrous abaxially, glabrous, glabrescent, or sparsely hairy adaxially;

terminal leaflet sometimes decurrent distally, not jointed to rachis.

Racemes

2–7-flowered, flowers ascending-spreading;

axis 0.3–2.5 cm in fruit;

bracts 1–2.5 mm;

bracteoles 0.

3–19(–24)-flowered, flowers spreading-declined;

axis 1–14 cm in fruit;

bracts 0.6–4 mm;

bracteoles usually 0.

Peduncles

incurved-ascending, 0.5–4 cm.

usually incurved-ascending, 2–14 cm.

Pedicels

0.8–2 mm.

0.8–3 mm.

Flowers

5.2–8 mm;

calyx campanulate, 3.3–6.2 mm, hirsutulous, tube 1.8–2.5 mm, lobes subulate, 1.8–3.5 mm;

corolla usually pink-purple, rarely ochroleucous and tinged with purple;

banner recurved 50–70°;

keel (5–)5.4–6.5 mm, apex narrowly triangular, sometimes slightly beaklike.

5.3–10.6 mm;

calyx (2.3–)2.4–6 mm, strigose, tube 1.7–4.2 mm, lobes subulate, 0.5–2.6 mm;

corolla lilac, pink-purple, ochroleucous, or whitish, often suffused, lined, or veined with purple;

banner recurved through 40–90°;

keel 5.9–10.7(–11.4) mm, apex beaklike.

Legumes

spreading-declined, green or purple-cheeked or -dotted, becoming brownish or stramineous, lunately incurved or hooked, obliquely ovoid, turgid or somewhat inflated, 9–17(–20) × (4–)5–8(–11) mm, thinly fleshy becoming leathery or stiffly papery, white-villous or hirsute, hairs spreading, curved, 0.7–2.2 mm.

declined-pendulous; green, sometimes with purple speckles, becoming brown or stramineous, straight or nearly so, linear, linear-oblong, linear-ellipsoid, or oblanceoloid, laterally compressed, bicarinate by sutures, 11–25 × (1.2–)2–4 mm, papery, usually strigulose, villosulous, or glabrous, rarely with few hairs;

stipe 0–1 mm.

Seeds

10–19.

6–19.

2n

= 24.

Astragalus sabulonum

Astragalus miser

Phenology Flowering Nov–Jul.
Habitat Larrea and other warm-desert shrub, mixed cool desert shrub, salt-desert shrub, and lower pinyon-juniper communities, on sandy substrates.
Elevation (60–)500–2200 m. ((200–)1600–7200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Astragalus sabulonum is known from San Juan County in northwestern New Mexico, northern Arizona, north to Emery County in east-central Utah and Mineral County in southwestern Nevada, and southward through southeastern California to Baja California and Sonora in northern Mexico.

Although Astragalus sabulonum has a wide ecological amplitude, from warm-desert shrubland to pinyon-juniper woodland, it is reasonably uniform morphologically. It can be distinguished from its closest relatives, A. pubentissimus and A. pardalinus, by characteristics of the calyx (size), ovules (number) and fruit (size, pubescence, texture, and curvature) (D. Isely 1998).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 8 (8 in the flora).

Astragalus miser, widespread in the American West, contains miserotoxin, a nitrogenous compound that is poisonous to cattle and sheep. In the key to varieties the presence of malpighian hairs is important. The point of attachment may be so near the base as to be almost indistinguishable from a basifixed trichome. The key is tentative and will not always reliably separate varieties; nevertheless, morphological trends exist and most plants are identifiable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbage hairs obscurely malpighian; leaflet blades pubescent.
→ 2
2. Herbage villosulous or villous and pilosulous, hairs gray or silvery, mostly twisted and loose; legumes minutely villosulous, hairs twisted; ec Idaho, adjoining Montana.
var. crispatus
2. Herbage strigulose, hairs ± straight; legumes strigulose; Idaho, Montana, Wyoming.
→ 3
3. Leaflet blades linear to linear-elliptic or oblong-elliptic; corollas whitish, ochro­leu­cous, or stramineous, sometimes brownish-veined, keel apex maculate; seeds 7–11; sw Montana, ec Idaho, nw Wyoming.
var. praeteritus
3. Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate (leaves subtending racemes sometimes broadly elliptic or oblanceolate); corollas usually pink-purple, purplish, bluish, or dull purple, sometimes pallid or whitish, except maculate keel; seeds 12–18; Idaho and s Montana to c Wyoming.
var. decumbens
1. Herbage hairs basifixed; leaflet blades abaxially pubescent, adaxially pubescent or glabrous.
→ 4
4. Leaflet blades with pubescent surfaces, hairs silvery or cinereous; calyces (4.2–)4.6–6 mm; corollas lilac or pink-purple, banners (9.5–)9.8–12 mm, keel (7.8–)8.6–10.7 mm; legumes densely strigulose; ne Washington to w Montana and adjacent Canada.
var. miser
4. Leaflet blades with surfaces pubescent or glabrous abaxially, usually glabrous or gla­brate adaxially, sometimes pubescent; calyces 2.4–5.6 mm; corollas usually whitish, rarely ochroleucous, sometimes suffused or lined or veined with purple, banners (5.2–)6–13 mm, keel 5.9–10 mm; legumes strigulose or gla­brous; British Columbia and Alberta south­ward to Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, and South Dakota.
→ 5
5. Leaflets (3–)7–11; stems 1–11(–15) cm; banners 6–8 mm; legumes linear (in profile), strigulose; seeds 8–12; se Idaho to sw Montana, ne Nevada, n Utah, and w Wyoming.
var. tenuifolius
5. Leaflets (9 or)11–21; stems 1–35 cm; banners (5.2–)6.5–13 mm; legumes oblanceolate, linear, linear-oblong, -elliptic, or -oblanceolate (in pro­file), glabrous or strigulose; seeds (6 or)7–19; British Columbia and Alberta southward to Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, and South Dakota.
→ 6
6. Legumes strigulose; seeds 13–19; Montana to New Mexico, west to Nevada and Arizona.
var. oblongifolius
6. Legumes glabrous, strigulose, or few hairs present; seeds (6 or)7–11; South Dakota west to British Columbia and Washington.
→ 7
7. Stems 10–35 cm; banners 7–9.5 mm, keel 6–7.8(–8.4) mm; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic to linear or linear-oblanceolate; legumes glabrous or strigulose; Alberta and British Columbia southward to Montana, Idaho, and Washington.
var. serotinus
7. Stems 1–15 cm; banners (5.2–)6.5–13 mm, keel (7.1–)8–10(–11.4) mm; leaflet blades narrowly to broadly elliptic, lanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong; legumes usually glabrous, rarely with few, scattered hairs; w Wyoming and Montana, adjoining Idaho, and Black Hills of South Dakota.
var. hylophilus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Inflati Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Genistoidei
Sibling taxa
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
Subordinate taxa
A. miser var. crispatus, A. miser var. decumbens, A. miser var. hylophilus, A. miser var. miser, A. miser var. oblongifolius, A. miser var. praeteritus, A. miser var. serotinus, A. miser var. tenuifolius
Name authority A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 13: 368. (1878) Douglas in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 153. (1831)
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