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Robbins' milk-vetch

Tennessee milkvetch

Habit Plants clump-forming, slender to robust, 7–45(–60) cm, strigulose to pilose-villosulous; from superficial or somewhat subterranean caudex. Plants (5–)10–50 cm, pilose to pilose-hirsute.
Stems

usually ascending, rarely decumbent, 0–2 cm underground, strigulose to pilose-villosulous.

decumbent to ascending, densely pilose to pilose-hirsute.

Leaves

2.5–12 cm;

stipules 1.5–6 mm, papery at proximal nodes, herbaceous or submembranous at distal nodes;

leaflets (5 or)7–17, blades lanceolate to oblong, (3–)5–30(–32) mm, apex obtuse or emarginate, surfaces usually strigulose, sometimes villous-pilosulous, cinereous, glabrate, or glabrous abaxially, glabrous, glabrescent, or sparsely strigose adaxially.

(6–)8–15 cm;

stipules often connate-sheathing at proximal nodes, connate or distinct at distal nodes, 5–20 mm, submembranous becoming papery-scarious;

leaflet blades oblong-elliptic or obovate-obcordate, (4–)6–23 mm, apex obtuse, emarginate, or apiculate-acute, surfaces sparsely pilose or pilose-hirsute abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Racemes

(3–)5–25(–33)-flowered;

axis 1–18(–20) cm in fruit, elongating little after flowering, arising distal to middle of stem;

bracts 1–3.5 mm;

bracteoles usually 0.

9–20-flowered;

axis 2–5(–6) cm in fruit;

bracts 5–12 mm;

bracteoles 0.

Peduncles

incurved-ascending or erect, 3.5–21(–23) cm, usually surpassing subtending leaf, together with racemes usually shorter than stems.

incurved-ascending, 5–10(–14) cm.

Pedicels

0.5–3 mm.

1.5–3.5 mm.

Flowers

(6–)7.2–11.5 mm;

calyx 4–6.8 mm, strigulose, tube 3.2–4.5 mm, lobes subulate, 0.7–2.3 mm;

corolla usually purple, pink-purple, pink, lilac, lavender, or whitish, sometimes whitish with maculate keel;

wing apex obtuse;

keel 5.4–7.9 mm, shorter than wings.

14–19 mm;

calyx 8.3–15.1 mm, sparsely white-hirsute, tube gibbous-saccate behind pedicel, 5.9–11.4 mm, lobes lanceolate-subulate, 2.4–4 mm;

corolla whitish or pale cream, drying yellow, immaculate;

keel 11–13.6 mm.

Legumes

pendulous, green or purplish, straight or slightly decurved, ellipsoid, obtusely 3-sided, faces slightly convex, flattened or depressed but not sulcate abaxially, 13–25 × 3.5–5.5 mm, subunilocular or semibilocular, papery-membranous, sparsely strigulose, hairs black or black and white;

valves inflexed as hyaline septum 0.2–2 mm wide;

stipe (0.5–)1.5–6.5 mm.

green or pink-tinged becoming stramineous, 25–40 × 7–13 mm, fleshy becoming spongy, walls 2.5–3 mm thick, translucent, alveolate-rugulose, sparsely hirsute;

gynophore stout, (1–)1.3–2 mm, glabrous.

Seeds

6–11.

Astragalus robbinsii

Astragalus tennesseensis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Openings in cedar barrens, edges of thickets, on limestone pavement, stony calcareous hillsides.
Elevation 200–300 m. (700–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; IL; TN
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 8 (8 in the flora).

Astragalus robbinsii consists of a series of infraspecific taxa with two centers of dispersal in North America: Colorado to Alaska, and New England into eastern Canada. The distribution of three closely allied subordinate taxa within Vermont and New Hampshire is unmatched in the genus in North America. D. Isely (1998) questioned the taxonomic significance of the traditional varieties as recognized herein. The species is often confused in herbaria with A. alpinus, which has a keel longer than or as long as and wider than the wings (in A. robbinsii the keel is shorter than and little or no wider than the wings).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Astragalus tennesseensis is the only species of the genus between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains with pilose indumentum (D. Isely 1998). It is locally abundant on the cedar glades of middle Tennessee, but many of these unique communities have been lost in recent decades due to the rapid growth of metropolitan Nashville. Extant populations also occur in Lawrence and Morgan counties in northern Alabama and Tazewell County in central Illinois. It has been extirpated from four counties in Illinois, from its only known site in Indiana, from one county in Tennessee, and from one county in Alabama (J. M. Baskin and C. C. Baskin 2005).

Astragalus tennesseensis is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaflet blade surfaces abaxially densely gray or white villous-pilosulous, hairs 0.6–0.8 mm; legume stipes 1.2–3 mm, septae 1.2–2 mm wide; s coastal Alaska.
var. harringtonii
1. Leaflet blade surfaces abaxially sparsely strigu­lose, cinereous, glabrous, or glabrate, hairs 0.2–0.6(–0.7) mm; legume stipes (0.5–)1.5–5(–6.5) mm, septae 0.2–1(–1.5) mm wide; not in s coastal Alaska.
→ 2
2. Legume stipes (1–)1.5–5(–6.5) mm; Alaska, New England, Nova Scotia, n Rocky Mountains.
→ 3
3. Stems 7–10 cm; racemes 5–11-flowered, axes 1–1.5 cm in fruit (barely elongated); legume stipes 5 mm; seeds 5 or 6; Mt. Roberts, near Juneau, Alaska.
var. morganiae
3. Stems 10–40(–60) cm; racemes (5–)7–21-flowered, axes (1–)3–18(–20) cm in fruit; legume stipes (1–)1.5–5(–6.5) mm; seeds (6 or)7–11.
→ 4
4. Legumes 10–15 mm, sparsely strigu­lose, beaks to 1 mm; corollas whitish; Vermont historically.
var. robbinsii
4. Legumes (10–)13–25 mm, sparsely or densely pubescent, beaks 0.8–3 mm; corollas pale purple, pink-purple, pink, or whitish and keel tip purple; widespread, including Vermont.
→ 5
5. Legumes sparsely strigose-pilosulous, beaks 0.8–1.5 mm; leaf­let blade surfaces uniformly strigu­lose abaxially, or glabrate through­out; Alaska, Canada, w United States, Maine and Vermont.
var. minor
5. Legumes sparsely strigulose, beaks 1.5–3 mm; leaflet blade surfaces cinereous abaxially, pubescent adax­ially (margins sparsely pubescent); local along Connecticut River in Vermont and New Hampshire.
var. jesupii
2. Legume stipes 0.5–3(–6.5) mm; coastal Labrador, adjoining Newfoundland, e Quebec to Alberta, northward to Northwest Territories, southward to New Mexico, including Maine and Vermont.
→ 6
6. Seeds 3–6; legumes 8–13 mm; Wallowa Mountains, ne Oregon.
var. alpiniformis
6. Seeds (6 or)7–10; legumes (8–)10–25 mm; not Oregon.
→ 7
7. Raceme axis 1.2–6(–8) cm in fruit; leaflet blade surfaces sparsely pubescent along margins adaxially or strigulose throughout; s Labrador, adjoining Newfoundland, Quebec.
var. fernaldii
7. Raceme axis (2–)3–18(–20) cm in fruit; leaflet blade surfaces glabrous or glabrate adaxially; not s Labrador, adjoining Newfoundland, and Quebec.
→ 8
8. Legumes (10–)13–25 mm, stipes (1–)1.5–5(–6.5) mm; racemes (5–)7–25(–33)-flowered, axes (2–)3–18(–20) cm in fruit; proximal stipules distinct or obscurely connate; not ne Nevada.
var. minor
8. Legumes (8–)10–15(–18) mm, stipes 0.5–1.4 mm; racemes remotely (3–)6–12-flowered, axes (2–)6–15 mm in fruit; proximal stipules connate 1/2 their length; East Humboldt and Ruby mountains, ne Nevada.
var. occidentalis
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Oroboidei Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Tennesseenses
Sibling taxa
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
Subordinate taxa
A. robbinsii var. alpiniformis, A. robbinsii var. fernaldii, A. robbinsii var. harringtonii, A. robbinsii var. jesupii, A. robbinsii var. minor, A. robbinsii var. morganiae, A. robbinsii var. occidentalis, A. robbinsii var. robbinsii
Synonyms Phaca robbinsii Geoprumnon tennesseense
Name authority (Oakes) A. Gray: Manual ed. 2, 98. (1856) A. Gray ex Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 98. (1860)
Web links