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purple locoweed, woolly locoweed, woolly milkvetch

Canada milk-vetch, Canadian milk-vetch

Habit Plants densely or loosely tuft-forming, acaulescent to subacaulescent or shortly caulescent, (6–)10–30(–45) cm, villous-tomentose. Plants usually robust, rarely quite slender, (10–)15–120(–160) cm, strigose; from oblique or horizontal rhizomes.
Stems

usually few or several, sometimes single, decumbent to ascending, when developed, with several, short internodes, to 2 cm, villous-tomentose.

usually erect, sometimes decumbent and ascending, green or purplish, fistulose when stout, 1–7+ cm underground, strigose.

Leaves

(2–)5–32 cm;

stipules (3–)4–20 mm;

leaflets (9 or)11–35, blades elliptic, suborbiculate, ovate, obovate, rhombic-elliptic, rhombic-obovate, rhombic-ovate, oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate, or oval, (2–)3–30(–45) mm, apex acute, obtuse, retuse, or subacute, surfaces villous-tomentose, sometimes densely so.

(3–)5–25(–35) cm;

stipules 3–18 mm, membranous early becoming scarious;

leaflets (7–)13–35, blades lanceolate, lanceolate-oblong, or elliptic, (5–)6–45(–52) mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, or truncate-emarginate, surfaces strigose, sometimes glabrous adaxially.

Racemes

(5–)7–45-flowered;

axis (0.5–)1–18 cm in fruit;

bracts 2.5–10(–12) mm;

bracteoles 0(–2).

20–100+-flowered, flowers spreading-declined;

axis 2.5–16 cm in fruit;

bracts 1.5–10 mm;

bracteoles 0–2.

Peduncles

ascending, (1.5–)2.5–24 cm.

erect or incurved-ascending, (2.5–)4–22 cm.

Pedicels

0.5–3 mm.

1.2–3.5(–4) mm.

Flowers

11.8–25 mm;

calyx cylindric to deeply campanulate, 6.8–15.5 mm, villous-tomentose, tube (4.5–)5–13 mm, lobes lanceolate to subulate or subulate-setaceous, 1.6–5.5(–6.8) mm;

corolla pink-purple, pale purple, pinkish, cream, or yellowish suffused with dull lavender, or tipped and suffused or margined with dull purple;

keel 9–20.5 mm.

11.3–17(–17.5) mm;

calyx short-cylindric, (4.6–)5.5–10.5(–11) mm, strigose or pilosulous, tube 4–8.5 mm, lobes subulate or triangular, 1.2–4.4(–5) mm;

corolla ochroleucous, greenish white, or stramineous;

keel (9.5–)10.2–13.6 mm.

Legumes

spreading or ascending, ± straight to incurved through 0.25+ spiral, oblong-ellipsoid, lanceoloid-ellipsoid, ovoid, or ovoid-ellipsoid, sometimes decidedly inflated (not bladdery), terete when narrow, obcompressed when broad, (6–)9–24 × (3–)4–13 mm, fleshy, stiffly papery, leathery, or subligneous, glabrous, puberulent, hispidulous, villosulous, villous-hirsute, villous-tomentulose, or villous-tomentose;

beaks sometimes unilocular.

brown then blackish, straight or incurved, cylindroid, terete, (9–)10–20 × 2.9–5.2 mm, somewhat fleshy becoming stiffly papery or leathery, usually strigose, strigulose, glabrate, or glabrous, rarely puberulent;

sessile or subsessile.

Seeds

12–38[–41].

(16–)18–26(–28).

2n

= 22.

Astragalus mollissimus

Astragalus canadensis

Distribution
from USDA
w United States; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 10 (8 in the flora).

The Astragalus mollissimus complex has been variously interpreted as belonging to several species, or has been combined in varietal status under one or more species, or has been split into species each with segregate varieties, and with peripheral taxa still represented at specific rank (D. Isely 1998). Isely (1983) recognized three species within the complex, restricting A. mollissimus to those phases with glabrous or sparsely puberulent fruits, A. bigelovii to the bulk of the remainder with shaggy-hairy fruits, and with A. thompsoniae (whose fruit has a unilocular beak) standing by itself, remote from the remainder of A. bigelovii in the broad sense. Two varieties are exclusive to Mexico: var. irolanus (M. E. Jones) Barneby occurs from Durango and Nuevo León southward to Puebla, and var. nitens Barneby is known from Coahuila. The present treatment follows R. C. Barneby (1964). Some of the varieties, possibly all, are poisonous to domestic livestock, especially to horses (N. Ritter 1917; L. F. James and S. L. Welsh 1992; M. H. Ralphs et al. 2002).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

The chromosome number of 2n = 16 is in harmony with the view that the alliance of Astragalus canadensis, along with its near relative A. oreganus, is with the Asiatic A. uliginosus Linnaeus. The relationship is sufficiently close that R. C. Barneby (1964) said of the Canada milkvetch, the New World’s most widely dispersed Astragalus, that taxonomy would most closely reflect biological realities if the New World forms were reduced to varietal status under a bicentrically dispersed A. uliginosus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Legumes glabrous or sparsely pubescent (hispid­ulous, villous-tomentose, or loosely strigulose).
→ 2
2. Corollas cream, immaculate; Edwards Plateau, Texas.
var. coryi
2. Corollas pinkish, pink-purple, pure pale yel­low or yellowish suffused with dull lavender, or tipped and suffused or margined with dull purple; not of Edwards Plateau, Texas.
→ 3
3. Calyx tubes 3.4–4.5 mm wide; plains from Nebraska to New Mexico and w Texas.
var. mollissimus
3. Calyx tubes 0.8–3(–3.2) mm wide; se New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, southward.
var. earlei
1. Legumes densely pubescent (villous-tomentose, villous-hirsute, or villous-tomentulose).
→ 4
4. Racemes (5–)7–12-flowered; peduncles (1.5–)2.5–8 cm; legumes broadly ovoid, 7–13 mm wide; e Arizona (Apache County), nw New Mexico (Santa Fe to McKinley County).
var. matthewsii
4. Racemes 7–45-flowered; peduncles 2.5–24 cm; legumes ovoid, lunately ellipsoid, or lanceoloid-ellipsoid, 3–8(–11) mm wide; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah.
→ 5
5. Legumes ovoid, turgid, 6–11 mm wide, beaks unilocular; Arizona and New Mexico northward to Idaho.
var. thompsoniae
5. Legumes ovoid, lunately ellipsoid or lanceoloid-ellipsoid, usually solid, rarely slightly turgid, 3–8 mm wide, beaks biloc­ular; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas.
→ 6
6. Plants acaulescent; calyces 6.8–9.9 mm; banners 11.8–16.3 mm, keel 10.3–12.5 mm; legumes 6–10 mm; seeds 12–16; trans-Pecos Texas (Presidio and Jeff Davis counties).
var. marcidus
6. Plants acaulescent or shortly caulescent; calyces 10–15.3 mm; banners 16–22.5 mm, keel 12.3–18.6 mm; legumes 9–15 mm; seeds 19–31; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas.
→ 7
7. Plants usually robust, shortly caulescent, stems (0 or)3–17 cm; leaves 9–26 cm, leaflet blades 6–25 mm; keel 13.5–18.5 mm; legume hairs to 1–1.6 mm; se Arizona to extreme w Texas; 1200–1900(–2300) m.
var. bigelovii
7. Plants usually dwarf, acaulescent; stems reduced to thick crowns; leaves (4–)6–16 cm, leaflet blades 3–13 mm; keel 12.5–14.5 mm; legume hairs to 1.6–2.6 mm; plateaus of n Arizona and wc New Mexico, on and near Mogollon Escarpment or north; 1800–2300 m.
var. mogollonicus
1. Legumes not grooved dorsally, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent or strigulose; distribution primarily eastern, extending westward to New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, British Columbia, and Northwest Territories.
var. canadensis
1. Legumes grooved dorsally, strigose or glabrate; distribution largely intermontane, extending eastward to Black Hills of South Dakota.
→ 2
2. Stems (25–)30–70(–90) cm; calyx lobes (1.5–)2–4.4 mm, adaxial pair usually not much broader (though sometimes shorter) than the rest; legume beaks (3–)3.5–5 mm; forest belt of n Rocky Mountains (British Columbia southward to Oregon, eastward to Montana).
var. mortonii
2. Stems (10–)15–55(–75) cm; calyx lobes 1–2.5(–3) mm, adaxial pair nearly always broadly triangular or deltate (and mostly shorter) than the rest; legume beaks 1.5–3 mm; sagebrush valleys, less commonly in meadows, and xeric pine forests (British Columbia southward to California, eastward to Colorado and Montana).
var. brevidens
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Mollissimi Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Uliginosi
Sibling taxa
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
Subordinate taxa
A. mollissimus var. bigelovii, A. mollissimus var. coryi, A. mollissimus var. earlei, A. mollissimus var. marcidus, A. mollissimus var. matthewsii, A. mollissimus var. mogollonicus, A. mollissimus var. mollissimus, A. mollissimus var. thompsoniae
A. canadensis var. brevidens, A. canadensis var. canadensis, A. canadensis var. mortonii
Name authority Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat.Hist. New York 2: 178. (1827) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 757. (1753)
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