buffalo bean, buffalo plum, ground plum, ground plum milk-vetch
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kentrophyta, Nuttall's kentrophyta, spiny milk-vetch, thistle milk-vetch
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Plants (5–)10–50(–60) cm, pubescent; from subterranean or superficial, woody caudex or root-crown, caudex determinate, shortly forking (except var. berlandieri). |
Plants often mat- or cushion-forming, sometimes suffruticose basally, 15–45 cm, usually strigulose, sometimes villosulous or villous, hairs basifixed or malpighian; from caudex bearing stolonlike, creeping stems. |
ascending or decumbent, 1–9 cm underground, sparsely strigulose. |
prostrate, decumbent, spreading, or erect, compact to elongate, usually strigulose, sometimes villosulous or villous. |
(2–)3.5–18 cm; stipules distinct, 3–10 mm, submembranous, glabrous abaxially; petiolate or subsessile; leaflets (11–)15–33, blades oblanceolate, oblong-oblanceolate, obovate, suborbiculate, or broadly oval to linear-elliptic, (2–)3–24 mm, apex obtuse, acute, subacute, or truncate-emarginate, sometimes apiculate, surfaces pubescent abaxially, glabrous or glabrescent adaxially. |
(0.2–)0.4–2.6 cm; stipules connate-sheathing, sometimes distinct at distal nodes, 1–12 mm, scarious throughout, or herbaceous becoming papery, or stiff and spiny, apex acuminate, spinulose, or callous-mucronate; leaflets (3 or)5–9, blades decurrent, continuous with rachis, linear to narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, (1–)3–15(–17) mm, apex spinulose, surfaces usually strigose, rarely glabrous adaxially. |
(5–)6–25(–35)-flowered, flowers ascending or slightly arched; axis 1–7(–14) cm in fruit; bracts 2.5–7.5 mm; bracteoles 0–2. |
1–3-flowered, flowers declined; axis to 0.5 cm in fruit; bracts 0.8–3.5 mm; bracteoles 0. |
ascending to spreading, (1.5–)2–16 cm. |
subobsolete or 0.1–0.6(–3) cm. |
2–7.5 mm. |
0.5–2 mm. |
(16–)16.5–25(–27) mm; calyx usually broadly or deeply campanulate or cylindro-campanulate, rarely cylindric, (6.6–)7.7–14 mm, densely strigulose, pilosulous, ascending-pilose, or villosulous-tomentulose, tube (5.2–)5.6–9.7 mm, lobes subulate or triangular-subulate, (1.3–)1.7–4.2(–5.8) mm; corolla pink-purple, red-purple, white, whitish (faintly lilac-tinged), lilac, ochroleucous, or suffused pinkish lilac; keel (10.7–)12–20.7 mm. |
(3.9–)4–10 mm; calyx (2–)2.4–8.3 mm, strigose, tube 1.2–2.8(–3.3) mm, lobes subulate, setaceous, or spinulose, (0.5–)1.4–5 mm; corolla usually pink-purple or whitish, sometimes pink-, lilac-, or purple-tinged; banner recurved through 45°; keel 3–6 mm. |
green, often red-mottled or suffused with red on adaxial surface, becoming brown or blackish, straight, globose, subglobose, broadly and plumply oblong-ellipsoid, oblong-ovoid, or oblong-obovoid, ± obcompressed, 15–40 × 12–27 mm, fleshy becoming alveolate-spongy or pithy, wrinkled on drying, mesocarp at least 1.2 mm thick, glabrous. |
declined or spreading, stramineous, straight or slightly curved, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, lenticular, ovoid, ovoid-lenticular, lanceoloid-ellipsoid, or lanceoloid-acuminate, laterally compressed, 3–10 × (0.6–)1.4–4 mm, papery, strigose; sessile. |
34–77. |
2–8. |
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w North America; c North America
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w North America
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Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). The fleshy fruits of Astragalus crassicarpus are burnished with red or purple and resemble small plums prior to maturity. Early travelers valued the immature fruits as a summer vegetable. Ultimately, the surface collapses as the mesocarp dries. The fruits are frequently broader than long (S. L. Welsh 1960). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). The varieties of Astragalus kentrophyta are distinguished from other astragali by the few leaflets continuous with the leafstalk while blades are simultaneously apically mucronate or spinulose, and by their racemes, usually subsessile in leaf axils, bearing one to three small flowers. There are two major groups: alpine or upper elevation, prostrate-matted to pulvinate-depressed plants, usually with bright purple flowers and basifixed hairs, with five to eight seeds; and lower elevation forms that range from prostrate to bushy and ascending, with white or lavender flowers, hairs sometimes malpighian, and two to five ovules. With the exception of the widespread var. tegetarius, the varieties are largely allopatric. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
1. Calyces usually densely villosulous-tomentulose, hairs entangled, cream or brownish; corollas usually ochroleucous or suffused with pinkish lilac; racemes 13–25-flowered; peduncles 6–16 cm; stems usually ascending, rarely decumbent, (2.5–)3.5–6 cm; legumes 25–32 mm. | var. trichocalyx |
1. Calyces strigulose, pilosulous, or ascending-pilose, hairs mixed black and white or all black; corollas pink- or red-purple, lilac, or whitish; racemes (5–)6–23(–35)-flowered; peduncles (1.5–)2–9(–11) cm; stems usually decumbent (sometimes ascending in var. cavus), 5–40(–50) cm; legumes 15–40 mm. | → 2 |
2. Stems arising singly or few from subterranean caudex, branches creeping, forming loose mats or colonial; seeds 34–50; Balcones Escarpment and vicinity, c, e Texas. | var. berlandieri |
2. Stems clustered from root-crown or superficial or subterranean caudex, not forming mats or colonial, caudex determinate; seeds 38–68; Alberta to Arizona eastward to Oklahoma panhandle. | → 3 |
3. Corollas pink- or red-purple; herbage bright green (under vestiture). | var. crassicarpus |
3. Corollas white or whitish and faintly lilac-tinged; herbage pallid green or yellowish. | → 4 |
4. Legumes globose or plumply ovoid-oblong or obovoid-oblong; Alberta southward to Oklahoma panhandle and adjacent New Mexico. | var. paysonii |
4. Legumes broadly and plumply oblong-ovoid, oblong-obovoid, or subglobose; ec Arizona, c New Mexico. | var. cavus |
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1. Hairs basifixed; seeds (3–)5–8; corollas purple, purplish, or whitish and keel purple or pink- or purplish-tipped. | → 2 |
2. Leaflets (3–)5–9, blades 1–9 mm; plants forming cushions 5–40(–50) cm wide; widespread, extending into California only to Inyo and White mountains and c High Sierra Nevada. | var. tegetarius |
2. Leaflets 3(–7), blades 3–7 mm; plants forming cushions to 15 cm wide; sc Sierra Nevada, California. | var. danaus |
1. Hairs malpighian or basifixed; seeds 2–4(–8); corollas whitish, keel apices sometimes pink or lilac-tinged or purplish (except pink-purple in var. coloradoensis, rarely in var. elatus). | → 3 |
3. Calyces 6–8.3 mm, lobes 3.4–5 mm; legumes (5–)7–10 × 2.8–4 mm; seeds 4–8; canyons of Colorado River in nc Arizona and sc Utah. | var. coloradoensis |
3. Calyces 2.4–5.2 mm, lobes 0.7–3 mm; legumes 3–7(–7.5) × 1.4–3.8 mm; seeds 2–4; California to Alberta, eastward to New Mexico and South Dakota. | → 4 |
4. Legumes ovoid-lenticular, ovoid, or lenticular. | → 5 |
5. Stipules uniform, connate to 1/2 their lengths, spinulose; calyx lobes 0.7–1.5 mm; n New Mexico. | var. neomexicanus |
5. Stipules dimorphic, those at most proximal nodes connate into short, bidentate sheath, those at distal nodes longer, connate at base only, lanceolate or lanceolate-acuminate, often without spines; calyx lobes 1.4–3 mm; North Dakota west to Alberta, southward to Colorado and Oregon. | → 6 |
6. Leaflet blades glabrous or glabrescent adaxially, pubescent abaxially, hairs basifixed or obscurely malpighian; legumes (3.5–)4–7 × 2.4–3.8 mm; s Wyoming east of Continental Divide to Alberta and Saskatchewan, southward to Colorado, South Dakota, and w Nebraska. | var. kentrophyta |
6. Leaflet blades pubescent, hairs malpighian; legumes 3–4.5 × 1.4–2 mm; sw Wyoming, ne Utah to se Oregon. | var. jessiae |
4. Legumes ovoid-acuminate, lanceoloid, or lanceoloid-acuminate. | → 7 |
7. Plants usually erect or assurgent, rarely trailing, often bushy, sometimes mat-forming; Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming. | var. elatus |
7. Plants prostrate, mat- or cushion-forming; California, e, c Nevada, Oregon, se Washington. | → 8 |
8. Hairs basifixed; calyx lobes 2.3–3 mm; Oregon, se Washington. | var. douglasii |
8. Hairs malpighian; calyx lobes 1.8–2.6 mm; California, Nevada. | var. ungulatus |
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FNA vol. 11. |
FNA vol. 11. |
Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Sarcocarpi |
Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Ervoidei |
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis |
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis |
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Geoprumnon crassicarpum |
Kentrophyta montana |
Nuttall: Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no. 6. (1813) |
A. Gray: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15: 60. (1863) |
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