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Canada milk-vetch, Canadian milk-vetch, Morton's Canadian milkvetch, Morton's milkvetch

Canada milk-vetch, Canadian milk-vetch

Habit Plants usually robust, rarely quite slender, (10–)15–120(–160) cm, strigose; from oblique or horizontal rhizomes.
Stems

unbranched, relatively slender, (25–)30–70(–90) cm.

usually erect, sometimes decumbent and ascending, green or purplish, fistulose when stout, 1–7+ cm underground, strigose.

Leaves

(3–)6–19(–22.5) cm;

leaflets (9–)13–19(or 21), blades 10–45(–50) mm, thin.

(3–)5–25(–35) cm;

stipules 3–18 mm, membranous early becoming scarious;

leaflets (7–)13–35, blades lanceolate, lanceolate-oblong, or elliptic, (5–)6–45(–52) mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, or truncate-emarginate, surfaces strigose, sometimes glabrous adaxially.

Racemes

sometimes interrupted proximally, 2.5–12 × 2.7–3.5 cm, flowers (12.6–)13.2–16.5 mm.

20–100+-flowered, flowers spreading-declined;

axis 2.5–16 cm in fruit;

bracts 1.5–10 mm;

bracteoles 0–2.

Peduncles

rather slender, 6–22 cm.

erect or incurved-ascending, (2.5–)4–22 cm.

Pedicels

1.4–2 mm.

1.2–3.5(–4) mm.

Flowers

calyx (6.5–)7.4–10.5(–11) mm, lobes (1.5–)2–4.4 mm, adaxial pair usually not much broader (though sometimes shorter) than the rest;

corolla greenish white or ochroleucous.

11.3–17(–17.5) mm;

calyx short-cylindric, (4.6–)5.5–10.5(–11) mm, strigose or pilosulous, tube 4–8.5 mm, lobes subulate or triangular, 1.2–4.4(–5) mm;

corolla ochroleucous, greenish white, or stramineous;

keel (9.5–)10.2–13.6 mm.

Legumes

grooved dorsally, (9–)11–20 × 3–5 mm, beak (3–)3.5–5 mm, thinly strigose or glabrate;

septum (2–)2.5–3.4 mm wide.

brown then blackish, straight or incurved, cylindroid, terete, (9–)10–20 × 2.9–5.2 mm, somewhat fleshy becoming stiffly papery or leathery, usually strigose, strigulose, glabrate, or glabrous, rarely puberulent;

sessile or subsessile.

Seeds

(16–)18–26.

(16–)18–26(–28).

Stipules

3.5–11(–14) mm, proximalmost persistent, not ruptured.

2n

= 16.

Astragalus canadensis var. mortonii

Astragalus canadensis

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Coniferous forests.
Elevation (400–)900–2100 m. ((1300–)3000–6900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
ID; MT; OR; WA; BC
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

A. Gray (1864), under the discussion of Astragalus mortonii, cited both A. spicatus Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray (an illegitimate name, not Pallas 1773), and A. tristis Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray (see synonymy of var. brevidens), but considered ovary and legume pubescence as the primary distinguishing feature. This is commonly an elongate, slender plant with thin-textured foliage of forested regions within its range. The flowers vary in color from greenish white to cream, sometimes suffused with purple, but dry to cream or brownish. Flowers are ascending in bud but soon become spreading to declined, until in fruit they are erect-ascending.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

The chromosome number of 2n = 16 is in harmony with the view that the alliance of Astragalus canadensis, along with its near relative A. oreganus, is with the Asiatic A. uliginosus Linnaeus. The relationship is sufficiently close that R. C. Barneby (1964) said of the Canada milkvetch, the New World’s most widely dispersed Astragalus, that taxonomy would most closely reflect biological realities if the New World forms were reduced to varietal status under a bicentrically dispersed A. uliginosus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Legumes not grooved dorsally, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent or strigulose; distribution primarily eastern, extending westward to New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, British Columbia, and Northwest Territories.
var. canadensis
1. Legumes grooved dorsally, strigose or glabrate; distribution largely intermontane, extending eastward to Black Hills of South Dakota.
→ 2
2. Stems (25–)30–70(–90) cm; calyx lobes (1.5–)2–4.4 mm, adaxial pair usually not much broader (though sometimes shorter) than the rest; legume beaks (3–)3.5–5 mm; forest belt of n Rocky Mountains (British Columbia southward to Oregon, eastward to Montana).
var. mortonii
2. Stems (10–)15–55(–75) cm; calyx lobes 1–2.5(–3) mm, adaxial pair nearly always broadly triangular or deltate (and mostly shorter) than the rest; legume beaks 1.5–3 mm; sagebrush valleys, less commonly in meadows, and xeric pine forests (British Columbia southward to California, eastward to Colorado and Montana).
var. brevidens
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Uliginosi > Astragalus canadensis Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Uliginosi
Sibling taxa
A. canadensis var. brevidens, A. canadensis var. canadensis
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
Subordinate taxa
A. canadensis var. brevidens, A. canadensis var. canadensis, A. canadensis var. mortonii
Synonyms A. mortonii
Name authority (Nuttall) S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 68. (1871) — (as mortoni) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 757. (1753)
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